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Drug Interactions
Two or more drugs present in the body at the same
time may interact with each other.
Independent
The drug does its job without one
affecting the performance of the other.
(No interaction)
example: taking amoxicillin to kill the
bacteria causing an ear infection and
Tylenol to relieve pain
caused by the ear infection.
This is almost always the aim of
the prescribing doctor.
Antagonistic
One drug opposes the action of
another drug.
1+1=1
example: some antibiotics block
the action of the hormone ingredients
of birth control pills.
One drug is doubled in its action when taken
with another drug.
1+1=2
example: aspirin taken along with a blood
thinner, such as coumadin, may be the same
as taking a double dose of coumadin.
One drug is more than doubled in its
action when in the presence of another
drug.
1+1=3
example: drinking an alcoholic
beverage and then taking an antihistamine
may triple the action of the
antihistamine and cause
unconsciousness or even death.
Drug Entry Routes
In order for a psychoactive drug
to get to the brain, it must
first enter the bloodstream.
The drug enters into the bloodstream
primarily through the wall of the small
intestine by being swallowed either in a
liquid or solid form
An example would be amoxicillin tablets,
alcohol, Tylenol, etc.
The drug enters the bloodstream by way of a
needle being inserted into a vein (IV) muscle
(IM), or fat.
Vaccines are usually administered by IM and
insulin shots are usually administered
through fat.
Morphine and heroin are usually IV.
The drug enters the bloodstream by way of
the alveoli in the lungs.
This is the quickest way for a drug to reach
the heart and brain.
Examples are nitrous oxide, ammonia, and
ether or other substance not intended for
medical use, like paints, markers, aerosols, etc.
The drug enters into the
bloodstream through the skin
or mucus membranes.
An example would be a
transdermal patch, dip, cocaine,
suppositories,etc.