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~Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco~
One’s Self-Choice
Unit 2
Basic Terms…
Knowing what the following terms mean are critical to understanding
this unit on Drugs, Alcohol & Tobacco.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Drug: A substance that causes a physical or emotional change in
a person.
Prescription: A doctor’s written order for a specific medicine
Addiction: A condition in which the body relies on a give drug to
help it function.
Stimulant: Drug that speeds up body functions
Medicine: A substance used to treat an illness or ailment.
Analgesic: A medicine that relieves pain
Sedative: A drug that slows down body functioning and causes
sleepiness
Dose: The exact amount of a drug
Know your Guidelines!
There are certain rules and guidelines to
follow if you are unsure of taking certain
medication.
Guidelines
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You shouldn’t mix medications without checking with a physician or
pharmacist. When more than one drug is taken the results are often
unpredictable. Correctly following this guideline is proper Drug
Use. This means you are using a drug as prescribed by your
physician. The direct opposite is Drug Misuse, which describes the
use of a drug incorrectly.
Do not take a prescription medication unless it was prescribed for
you, even if you and another person have the same medical problem.
If you ever have an allergic reaction, or a Drug Allergy, to a drug
or food, make sure you tell a physician before using the same or
another medication.
Guidelines Continued…
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Don’t use over-the-counter drugs
for long periods of time. You may
be delaying diagnosis of a serious
problem. Not following this can be
a simple factor of stubbornness:
Go to a doctor if needed!
Don’t ever conclude that if a little
bit of a drug makes you feel good,
that more will make you feel
better. Never take more of a
medication than you are directed
to. Not following this guideline is
often called Drug Abuse, which is
the intentional usage of more than
a normal dosage of a drug.
Learning More Guidelines
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Ask the pharmacist to tell you
about the drug’s purpose, it’s
side effects, or effects that go
with a drug and causes
something, and its interaction
with food and other drugs, as
well as the dosage and length
of time you should take the
drug. Some effects may have a
psychoactive effect, or an effect
that changes the mood of a
person.
Keep ALL drugs away from
children.
How do drugs enter the body?
Drugs can enter the body in a total of seven different ways.
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Asthma medications that are inhaled directly affect the respiratory
system.
Some medicines are placed under the tongue. These are absorbed
into the bloodstream through the skin.
The medicines stored in transdermal patches are absorbed into the
bloodstream through the skin also.
Medicines that treat skin ailments such as cuts or burns can be
applied topically or directly onto the skin.
When medicines are swallowed, they are often absorbed into the
bloodstream through the stomach.
Drugs can be injected either into a muscle or into a vein. Medicines
that enter the body in this way have very strong effects, because
they travel immediately to the bloodstream.
Some Drugs that are swallowed enter the bloodstream through
blood vessels that supply the intestine.
Types of Analgesics
Analgesic
Effects
Aspirin
Relieves
Pain
Reduces Fever
Reduces Swelling
Acetaminophen
Relieves
Ibuprofen
Relieves
Potential Hazards
Causes stomach irritation
and bleeding, associated
with Reye’s syndrome in
children and adolescents,
can cause overdose.
Risk of overdose, may cause
Pain
liver damage in high doses.
Reduces Swelling
Can causes stomach
Pain
irritation and bleeding.
Reduces Fever
Reduces Swelling
Terms relating to Alcohol
These terms relate to different types of diseases from alcohol, and the
different conditions one may experience after abusing alcohol:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Blood Alcohol Level (BAL): a way to measure the level of
alcohol in a person’s body
Intoxicated: being affected by alcohol
Hangover: an uncomfortable physical effects brought on by
alcohol use
Hepatitis: an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by
long-term alcohol abuse.
Cirrhosis: a condition in which liver cells are replaced by
useless scar tissue.
Alcoholism: the state of being psychologically and physically
addicted to alcohol.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): a set of birth defects that can
occur when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol.
Withdrawal: the process of discontinuing a drug to which the
body has become addicted
Key Points About Alcohol
Keep in mind the following rule, as it is important to remember when deciding to
drink alcohol:
12 oz. of beer = 6 oz. of wine = 1.25 oz. of whiskey
There is also a path which alcohol takes when it is ingested:
-First Alcohol irritates the throat and esophagus on its way into the body.
-Then once in the bloodstream, alcohol travels throughout the body, including
the heart & brain.
-One thing to keep in mind is that about 20% of the alcohol ingested is
absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach wall
-The alcohol will remain in the bloodstream until it can be metabolized by the
liver.
-The alcohol that does not enter the bloodstream though the stomach wall gets
there after it has passed into the small intestine.
Myth OR Fact?
Believe it or not, some of these statements about to be
shown are facts about alcohol and some of them are
myths. You guess which ones are facts and myths, and
the answers will be revealed afterward.
The Statements will be listed in sets of 2: One being the
myth and one being the fact; you decide which is which.
MYTH OR FACT?
Statement Set 1:
-You can’t get as drunk from beer, wine, or wine coolers as you can from a
hard liquor like vodka and scotch.
-A bottle of beer, a glass of wine, and a wine cooler all have around the same
amount of alcohol as a shot of a distilled spirit like vodka or scotch.
Therefore, they are just as intoxicating.
Statement Set 2:
-Not everyone shows the effects of alcohol in the same way. Even people who
seem completely sober are dangerous drivers if they have been drinking
alcohol.
-A person who looks sober and acts sober is sober.
Statement Set 3:
-Alcohol can’t be as dangerous as illicit drugs because it is easily available to
people over the age of 21.
-Even though alcohol is legal for Americans over 21, when it is abused it is just
as dangerous as many illicit drugs.
THE ANSWERS
Statement Set 1:
1.
MYTH
2.
FACT
Statement Set 2:
1.
FACT
2.
MYTH
Statement Set 3:
1.
MYTH
2.
FACT
DRUNK DRIVING
The following are facts that have been created from observation from
many schools observing many events that have resulted from
drinking & driving from the data collected.
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Among people up to the age of 34 in the United States, motorvehicle accidents are the leading cause of death.
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Approximately one-third of teenage deaths are the result of
motor-vehicle accidents
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The risk of motor-vehicle accidents increase for young drivers who
have even a very low concentration of blood alcohol in their
system.
Over 40,000 traffic deaths occur each year, and almost 41% of
these deaths involve a driver who has been drinking alcohol.
Of the more than 40,000 traffic deaths each year, more than 5,200
involve a teenage driver. Of these deaths, almost 38% involve a
teenage driver who had been drinking alcohol.
Signs of Alcohol Abuse
There are certain signs to look for a person who has
been drinking too much.
•Alcoholic odor in breath
•Intoxication
•Difficulty focusing, glazed eyes
•Uncharacteristically passive or aggressive behavior
•Decline in personal appearance of hygiene
•Decline in school or work performance
•Frequent absences
•Unexplained bruises or accidents
•Irritability
•Loss of memory (blackouts)
•Changes in peer-group associations and friendships
•Damaged relationships with family members or close friends
Risk Factors
There are two kinds of risk factors that affect alcoholism.
There are Controllable Risk factors and Uncontrollable
Risk factors.
Controllable Risk Factors
Drinking before the age of 21
Uncontrollable Risk Factors
Genes
Associating with people who
drink
Bending to peer pressure
Environment
Drinking beyond moderation
Drinking at inappropriate times
Drinking alone
Ways to prevent Alcohol-related
Actions
There are 5 to treat and prevent alcohol related actions to keep your
family and friends safe:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Withdrawal
Inpatient and Outpatient Programs
Alcoholics Anonymous
Al-Anon
Alateen
Tobacco
Tobacco is a very powerful drug that causes a wide-variety of
terrible effects on one’s body, and often leads to many
troubles along in life. Tobacco can cause:
Cancer: a disease caused by cells that have lost normal growth
controls and that invade and destroy healthy tissues.
Chronic Bronchitis: an inflammation of the bronchidal tubes in
the lungs and the production of excessive mucus.
Emphysema: a disease in which the tiny air sacs of the lungs lose
their elasticity.
What is in Tobacco?
Tobacco can be created from different kinds of harmful substances,
such as:
Nicotine: an addictive chemical found in tobacco products
Carcinogens: the cancer-causing substances in cigarettes
These substances can be considered psychoactive substances, which are
substances that causes a change in a person’s mood and behavior. After
using the same tobacco product for some time, one may become
addictive, or causing a physical dependence in a person, changing who
they are.
People can be affected by tobacco smoke, or carbon monoxide, a colorless,
poisonous gas that is released by burning tobacco, just by being around a
smoker. The people exposed to this smoke are passive smokers, who
breathe in the harmful air. The smoke emitted from a cigarette is called the
side-stream smoke.
A regular smoker is affected by mainstream smoke because it’s the smoke
that is actually breathed in by the smoker.
Tobacco Products
A cigarette, a cigar, a pipe, and
even actual chewing tobacco
are all tobacco products that
ultimately harm the body for a
lifetime.
After tobacco burns, a solid
substance from the smokes is
created. This resultant is called
tar, a very thick liquid that is
very harmful to the body if in
contact with it.
Misc. Tobacco Information
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There are more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco products, 400 of
which are poisonous.
Common beauty product in cigarette smoke is Finger Nail Polish
Remover
Methanol is a substance that can cause blindness
Nicotine was once used as a insecticide
Formaldehyde is the chemical used to preserve dissection
specimens in cigarettes smoke.
There are 3 main parts of the body tobacco affects:
1.
The Brain: Causes the constant need for a drug
2.
The Heart: heart beats more frequently & blood pressure rises
3.
The Nervous System: causes user to feel more alert and energetic
Mothers…Please don’t smoke…
If mothers do smoke, their children are at risk, even if the woman is pregnant
with a child. There is a MAJOR reason for mothers not to smoke, and it is the
result of smoking excessively: miscarriage.
There are also other reasons as well, which are as much as daunting as a
miscarriage.
-The baby might be born too early
-The baby might have a low birth weight or other serious health problems
-The baby might have a slow growth rate
-There is a greater risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
-There is also a greater risk that the child will develop a respiratory illness
-The baby might receive nicotine from the mother’s milk
-The baby could also develop learning difficulties.
Strategies to Quit Smoking
The main strategy to follow to
quit smoking is to set goals
for yourself.

Set up a “quit-smoking” date
and quit!
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Get support from doctors,
family and friends.

Learn new skills and
behaviors to keep you
occupied
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Get and use medication
CORRECTLY!
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Be prepared for a relapse, and
try to prevent it at all costs!
Stimulants and Other Terms
This last group of terms describe stimulants and other effects drugs
may have on one’s body.
Anabolic Steroid: A drug that can temporarily increase muscle size
Depressant: A drug that slows body functioning
Designer Drugs: Synthetic drugs that are similar in chemistry to certain illegal
drugs
Flashback: An unexpected return to an unpleasant LSD experience, other
months after the original experience ended.
Hallucination: Imaginary sights and sounds, often induced by the use of
hallucinogens
Hallucinogen: Drugs that distort a person’s senses
Inhalants: Chemicals that produce strong psychoactive effects when they are
inhaled
Narcotic: A drug with pain-relieving and psychoactive properties that is made
from the opium poppy plant
Overdose: A serious, sometimes fatal, reaction to a large dose of a drug
Sedative-hypnotics: Drugs that depress the body systems that cause
sleepiness.
Stimulant Name
Health Hazards
Caffeine
Nervousness
Cocaine, Crack
Brief
Amphetamines
Street Names
Joe
Java
feeling of euphoria
Dysphonic crash
Depression
Restlessness
Irritability
Anxiety
Nasal damage
death
Snow
Drug
Speed
Dependence
Loss of appetite
Stomach pains
Abnormal heat rhythms
Paranoia
Picking at the skin
Hallucinations
Mood swings
White
Base
Caine
Coke
Line
Rock
Uppers
Crystal
Meth
Crank
Ice
NOTE: All of these stimulants also produce effects that affect sleep, cause
depression, and increases heart rate and blood pressure.
Hallucinogen Name
LSD
Health Hazards
Distorted
perception
Hallucinations
Inability to make sensible judgments
Anxiety
Flashbacks
Street Names
Acid
A
Blow
Cid
Blotters
Microdots
PCP
Numbness
Peyote &
Mushrooms
Can
Slurred
speech
Loss of motor control
Anxiety
Hallucinations
Amnesia
Mood disorders
Paranoia
Violent hostility
Schizophrenia
False sense of strength
cause vomiting
Camping
Frightening experiences, similar to
LSD
Dust
Rocket
Fuel
Purple Rain
Super Weed
(Mushrooms are
considered a street
name)
NOTE: These Hallucinogens also cause increased blood pressure, heart rate,
and depression. Also affects sleeping habits.
Designer Drugs, THC,
and Inhalents
Designer Drug: MDMA (Ecstasy)
Health Hazards: Confusion, depression, sleep disturbance, drug craving,
anxiety, paranoia, muscle tension, nausea, blurred vision, faintness, chills,
sweating, increased heart rate.
Street Names: Ingestion, Sniffing
THC: Marijuana
Health Hazards: Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, cancer, increased heart rate,
impaired motor skills, increased appetite, cravings, paranoia, reduced shortterm memory.
Street Names: Pot, yerba, bud, chiba, weed, gangster, herb, blunt
Inhalant: Paint thinners, correction fluids (white out), degreasers, glues,
gasoline, medical anesthetic gases, aerosol propellants, and associate
solvents in spray paints and other aerosol products.
Health Hazards: hearing loss, limp spasms, central nervous system damage,
bane marrow damage, liver and kidney damage, blood oxygen depletion,
unconsciousness death
Street Names: Whippets, toncho, buzz bomb, whiteout