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Move for becoming the frontiers of Medical Biotechnology in Bangladesh Key Note Speech Why Medical Biotechnology in Bangladesh Dhaka, 17 February 2012 BT IT IT & BT • Two of the most popular words currently talked in our world • IT → Information Technology • BT → Biotechnology • Development experts believe that the power & influence of BT will exceed that of IT by manifolds Just in one decade or so ! Our life will be significantly influenced by Biotechnology The trend has been set already The trend… What is Biotechnology? What is Biotechnology? Organ Cell Body Chromosome DNA DNA dictates protein synthesis Protein What is Gene? Gene is the part of DNA which dictates protein synthesis for specific characteristics Biotechnology applies technique of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is a technique for genetic modification through removal, addition or replacement of gene for adding, altering or hiding characteristics in living things Method of Genetic Engineering Simple Method 2 1 4 5 3 Interchangeable between species The way how BT works Production of Golden rice By Gene Engineering Replacement therapy Insulin Cloning? Therapeutic cloning Human Cloning Pharmaceutical sector Profitable Medical Biotechnology Sector • In conventional method, drug development requires 10-12 yrs • Begins with animal trial • Ends on trial on human volunteers • Trial is not organ or tissue specific→more side effects • Requires huge initial investment • Patent rights of bigger companies burden smaller industries BT is cheaper FDA already approved over 1000 GM drugs • Insulin • Interferon • Anti-cancer drugs • Growth hormone • Blood products Future of stem cell research Human stem cell-based trial made it possible to discover • Anti-tumor drugs • Cardiac drugs • Artificial blood products Source of stem cells What we are seeing now? • • • • Many BT drugs BT Medical devices BT Vaccines BT Diagnostic reagents Agriculture & Livestock • BT crops, viz., soybean oil • May be BT fish • Designer meat Biomass for Biogas & Electricity Breakthrough in vaccine development • It is possible to know exact genetic nature of antigen (microorganism or disease agent) • This helps in extraction of purified specific antigen from bacterial/viral protein or alternate source • No need to use live attenuated or killed virus/bacteria to produce vaccines GM crops, viz. banana, maize & potato may act as edible vaccines In only 80 hectors of land, hepatitis B vaccine to immunize all the children in the world would be possible Elimination of: • costly cold chain & • hazards of vaccine-related infections We will also see – Every body’s gene is different Every body does not respond to same drug equally Individualized medicine Benefits: • Less mistakes in doses • Lower drug costs • Failed drug in one population will work on another population We will also see – Growing popularity of genetic diagnosis & therapy 11 cousins removed stomach [AP; 27 May 2006] • Carriers of CDH1 gene • A rare mutation • Carriers have 70% chance of developing gastric cancer Pre- & post-implant genetic diagnosis We will also see – Faster growth of bioinformatics We will also see – Remarkable growth of nano-medicine We will also see – Revisit to indigenous medicine • India developed Shanvac-B from herbs with 4-years of research • Shanvac-B is a hepatitis B vaccine • Previous imports costs: $6 per dose • Now sells in India: 50 cents • Received WHO certification • UNICEF ordered for whole world Research • Ample opportunity to conduct BT research • Commercially available products: – Stem cell lines for drug development, invitro fertilization & cell culture – Recombinant virus or bacteria for testing drug resistance – Plasmids for producing recombinant DNA Bio-fuels Do you know why the global food price was high than any time before? Bio-energy from Spinach Medico-legal fact finding • Determination of heredity • Criminal tracing Debate about Biotechnology • Safety of human health & nutrition • Safety about environment • Loss of natural environment BT debate… Patent The Basmati Patent Debate Intellectual property rights? BT debate… • Ethics • Religion • Personal privacy • Social discrimination Embryo cloning! How much to allow? Abuse? Why country can not ignore BT? • BT has enough debates • Yet almost all countries consider it as one of the most important drivers for economic growth US$ in billion 70 60 Global BT Revenue 63 50 40 30 25 25 Bench mark (Y2000) Prediction (Y2010) 20 10 0 • BT attracted substantial investment • Mostly in MBT sector • This dominance will continue Achievement (Y2005) BT in India (Target 2010) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 40% 30% 20% 10% Biopharma ($2b) Clinical service Outsourced Agro-industry ($1b) research ($1.5b) ($0.5b) Target for employment generation: 1 million BT in India (current) Industrial Bioproducts informatics Bio-services 6% 2% 8% Bio-agri 8% Bio-pharma 76% BT in India… • • • • Investment for BT since 1985: .......... US$ 1b Active BT companies: ....................... ~800 Industries on advanced BT: .............. 50% BT Industries devoted to: – Human health applications: ..................... 60% – Agriculture: ................................................ 10% – Industrial, bioinformatics, genomics: ..... 30% Why MBT goes on top of BT? • People better accept bio-pharmaceuticals than BT crops, fisheries or livestock • It may have following reasons: – Doctors prescribe medicines – In illness, the side effects become secondary – Belief about rigorous regulatory conditions for drug approval – People can choose from alternate food Migration of opportunities of BT New reality in industrialized countries Migration of opportunities of BT... Brain-drain vs. export of human resources • Country should build good environment • If not, there will be brain drain • Expansion of quality BT education, research & students’ intake is need of time • The benefit will be: – Enough skilled manpower to work in home – Earning of remittances by skilled manpower export Our Bio-Safety Concerns Concerns Biotech foods, drugs & other products 1. Import 2. Production 3. Export • Consumption • Wide-scale HandlingChronic exposure • Environmental pollution through natural exposure & unsafe disposal The To-Dos 1. Examine Health & Nutritional safety 2. Examine Environmental safety 3. Create public awareness 4. Build & Enforce Surveillance & Regulatory measures 5. Explore opportunity of application of biotechnology Component of Regulatory System • Permission for BT research • License for import of BT drug or diagnostic reagent • License for Biotech food • License for Biotech lab • BT related Disease surveillance • Certificate for MBT degree or diploma Expectations from you • • • • Understand & feel Speak & write Influence policy Participate – Production of diagnostic & research kits, vaccines – Research – Genetic diagnosis & therapy • Study further • Think to take as career Thank you