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Drugs-Use and Abuse Lesson 3 “Psychoactive Drugs” Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect the CNS and alter activity in the Brain Stimulants What Are They? Stimulants are a class of drugs that elevate mood, increase feelings of well-being, and increase energy and alertness and speed up the CNS Examples of stimulants include cocaine, crack amphetamines, Methamphetamine, methylphenidate (Ritalin®), nicotine, and MDMA (3-4 methylenedioxy Methamphetamine, better known as Ecstasy) What Are the Common Street Names? Cocaine is generally sold on the street as a fine, white, crystalline powder, known as "coke," "C," "snow," "flake," "blow," "bump," "candy," "Charlie," "rock," and "toot." "Crack," the street name for the smoke-able form of cocaine, got its name from the crackling sound made when it's smoked. A "speedball" is cocaine or crack combined with heroin or crack and heroin smoked together. How Are They Used? Stimulants can be taken in several ways: Swallowed in pill form Snorted in powder form Injected Heated in crystal form and smoked (inhaled into the lungs). Health Consequences high blood pressure, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. panic attacks and feelings of restlessness, irritability, and anxiety. violent behavior, confusion, and insomnia. ST’s can lead to overdose, which can cause acute emergencies with the heart or brain, sometimes resulting in sudden death. Withdrawal-The signs of withdrawal are profound depression, apathy, fatigue, long periods of sleep, a lingering impairment of perception, disorientation, and anxiety. Depressants Depressants are substances that depress the activity of the central nervous system. Depressants are often referred to as "downers" because of their sedative, hypnotic and tranquilizing effects. Barbiturates, Tranquilizers, Rohypnol, GHB are common depressants Street Names: Downers, Barbs, Blue Devils, Red Devils, Yellow Jackets, Yellows, Quaaludes, Ludes, Valium, Poppers Effects on the body…. impaired judgment, inebriation, slurred speech, and loss of motor coordination. Other symptoms include a weak and rapid pulse, slow or rapid but shallow breathing, and cold and clammy skin. Date rape drugs……….. Rohypnol a legal sleep aid & GHB an illegal depressant, are often used in drugfacilitated sexual assaults because of its sedative properties. Withdrawal from depressants…. Withdrawal from depressants can be extreme, After 24 hours without the drug, symptoms such as anxiety and agitation may develop, Depending on the potency of the drug, withdrawal will peak between two to eight days, causing appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, increased heart rate, and excessive sweating, Some severe symptoms of withdrawal may be delirium, convulsions, and in some cases, death. Narcotics Opiates are: Opium, Morphine, Heroin, Codeine Street Names: Smack, Horse, Mud, Brown sugar, Junk, Black tar, China white, Effects on the body: Well known for their medical use of relieving severe pain, narcotics are commonly abused drugs because of their euphoric effect and highly addictive quality Withdrawal Withdrawal symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, yawning and perspiration will develop only six to eight hours following the last use of the drug. more severe withdrawal symptoms may develop, including restlessness, irritability, appetite loss, tremors, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and chills alternating with excessive sweating. It may take one to two weeks for the body to return to "normal." Hallucinogens Where Do Hallucinogens Come From? Some hallucinogens can be found in plants. Mescaline comes from a cactus called peyote. And certain mushrooms, also known as magic mushrooms, are hallucinogens. But many hallucinogens are chemicals that don't occur in nature. Some examples are: LSD, MDA, an amphetamine, MDMA--an amphetamine, called ecstasy, PCP (phencyclidine) Street Names: Mesc, Buttons, and Cactus, Magic Mushrooms, 'shrooms, Hog, Angel Dust, Loveboat, White lightning, Blue heaven, Ecstasy and Sugar Cubes Body effects………… Hallucinogens cause: distortions of reality, particularly with sight smell, and touch. The "trips" caused by hallucinogens can last for hours. Parts of these trips can feel really good, and other parts can feel really terrible. Flash backs can occur hours, even days after taking the drug. There is no evidence that hallucinogens cause a physical dependence; however, psychological dependence occurs and extended use may result in permanent brain damage. Designer drugs Ecstasy is a slang term for an illegal drug that has effects similar to those of hallucinogens and stimulants. All-night dance club "raves" or "trances" is where ecstasy is often used. Common Street Names? ecstasy, E, XTC, X, Adam, hug, beans, clarity, lover's speed, and love drug How Is It Used? and affects MDMA is usually taken by mouth in a pill, tablet, or capsule a "hit" of ecstasy lasts for 3 to 6 hours. abusers might feel very alert or "hyper“, They may also experience distortions in time and other changes in perception, such as an enhanced sense of touch. the side effects…….. including feelings of sadness, anxiety, depression, and memory difficulties—can last for several days to a week Other Effects On the Body MDMA can also cause muscle tension, clenching of teeth, nausea, blurred vision, fainting, and chills or sweating. It increases heart rate and blood pressure. MDMA abusers can also become dehydrated through vigorous activity in a hot environment.