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Hypertension
Overview
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Leading Risks For Death
(World Health Organization 2002)
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Tobacco use
2
HYPERTENSION
Alcohol
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Cholesterol
Overweight
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What Is Blood Pressure?
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Blood pressure is the amount of force
on the walls of the arteries as the
blood circulates around the body.
What Do The Numbers Mean?
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The upper number is when the heart
beats
(Systolic Blood Pressure
SBP)
The lower number is when the heart
relaxes
(Diastolic Blood Pressure DBP)
Measured in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)
e.g. 124/82 mm Hg
 Systolic=124 mm Hg
 Diastolic= 82 mm Hg
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What is Hypertension ?
It is also called High
Blood Pressure (HBP)
140
Hypertension is a blood
pressure of 140/90
mm Hg or greater
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90
Classification of Blood Pressure for
Adults
Blood pressure category
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Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic
Diastolic
Optimal
<120
and
Normal
High normal
<130
and
130–139 or
<85
85–89
Hypertension
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
140–159
160–179
180 -209
>209
90–99
100–109
110-119
>119
or
or
or
or
<80
What Causes HYPERTENSION ?
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95% ‘not known’
•Genetics
40%
•Environment 60% (lifestyle)
5% underlying disease
Your Lifestyle Can Raise Your Blood Pressure
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Sedentary lifestyle
Unhealthy diet
• Too little fresh fruit, fresh vegetables and low
fat dairy
products
• Too much salt (sodium) and saturated fats
Being overweight
Excess alcohol
Stress
Hypertension Is More Common in Older People
Hypertension in the population varies with age
% withhypertension
% of people with
hypertension
men
women
60
50
18-34
35-64
65-74
10
2
30
20
55
57
40
30
20
10
0
Men Women -
18-34
35-64
Age in years
men
10
65-74
women
22% of Adults Have Hypertension
Treated and
controlled
Unaware of their
hypertension
16%
42%
19%
Not
treated
and not
controlled
23%
Treated and
not controlled
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Untreated Hypertension Can Cause:
Atherosclerosis
 Strokes
 Dementia
 Heart failure
 Kidney failure
 Poor circulation –
impotence, leg cramps
when walking
 Premature death
Re
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Pressure related
damage
 Strokes
 Heart failure
 Kidney failure
 Confusion
 Premature death
Why Do Some People Develop Heart
Disease or Stroke, while Others Don’t?
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There are several risks that cause heart
attacks and strokes
The more risks and the higher the risks, the
greater the chance of developing heart disease
or stroke
More than 9 in 10 People with hypertension
have other risks of developing heart disease
and stroke
Cardiovascular Risks
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High blood pressure
Smoking
High cholesterol
Diabetes or high blood sugar
Low physical activity
Stress
Obesity
Diet
Excess alcohol consumption
The Benefits of Treating Hypertension
a decrease of 10/5 mm Hg:
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
Heart attack
by 15%

Heart failure
by 50%

Stroke
by 38%

Death
by 10%
How Low Should Your BP Be?
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Most people:
• Less than 140/90 mm Hg
when measured at the
doctor’s office
• Less than 135/85 mm Hg
when measured at home
Diabetes or kidney disease
• Less than 130/80 mm Hg
when measured at the
doctor’s office
8 Ways to Help Control Hypertension
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Eat a healthy diet
Active for at least 45 minutes 4-5 times a week
Control your weight
Limit daily alcohol to 2 drinks or less
Cut back on salt and processed food
Don’t smoke
Check your BP at home
Take time to relax
Drugs for Hypertension
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Classes of Drugs
Diuretics
Beta-Blockers
ACE inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB’s)
Alpha blockers
Miscellaneous
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If Medication Is Not Taken As Directed
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BP may not be controlled
Doctor may prescribe another drug or
increase dosage since they might think
the first one didn’t work
Side effects may be more troublesome
An adverse reaction or event may result
Drug Concentration
If Medication Is Not Taken As Directed
Too much medicine
(Side effects)
Therapeutic
zone
Too little medicine
Time
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Self measurement of BP
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Summary
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Hypertension is a common cause of disability
and death
Hypertension can be prevented and treated
by changes in lifestyle
Problems caused by hypertension may be
helped by drug therapy
Hypertension questions
1.
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A blood pressure greater than 140 over 90
(140/90 mmHg) is generally considered too
high.
TRUE
FALSE
Hypertension questions
2. You can usually tell if your blood pressure is
too high by the way you feel.
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TRUE
FALSE
Hypertension questions
3. Having one elevated blood pressure reading
means than you have high blood pressure.
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TRUE
FALSE
Hypertension questions
4. High blood pressure (sometimes called
hypertension) is a major risk factor for heart
disease.
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TRUE
FALSE
Hypertension questions
5. The following lifestyle factors can help to treat
and control high blood pressure:
· Weight control or having a healthy weight
· Regular exercise
· Eating a healthy diet
· Restricting alcohol intake
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TRUE
FALSE
Hypertension questions
6. Smoking can cause high blood pressure.
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TRUE
FALSE
Hypertension questions
7. Generally, people who do not have high blood
pressure should have their blood pressure
checked every 3 to 4 years.
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TRUE
FALSE
Hypertension questions
9. If you are being treated for high blood
pressure you will need to stay on treatment
the rest of your life.
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TRUE
FALSE