Download HYPERTENSION

HYPERTENSION
BY
CINDY MENDEZ
BASICS

Blood pressure is the
force of blood pushing
against blood vessel
walls. The heart
pumps blood into the
arteries (blood
vessels), which carry
the blood throughout
the body.
BASICS

hypertension is dangerous because it
makes the heart work harder to pump
blood to the body and it contributes to
hardening of the arteries or
atherosclerosis.
Basics
What Is "Normal" Blood Pressure?
 There are several categories of blood pressure,
including:

Normal: Less than 120/80
 Prehypertension: 120-139/80-89
 Stage 1 hypertension: 140-159/90-99
 Stage 2 hypertension: 160 and above/100 and
above

What Causes Hypertension?

The exact causes of hypertension are not
known. Several factors and conditions may play
a role in its development, including:


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Smoking
Obesity
Lack of physical activity
Too much salt in the diet
Too much alcohol consumption (no more than 1 to 2
drinks per day)
Stress
Older age
Genetics
Etiology & Pathophysiology

COMMONN DISORDER THAT IS KNOWN AS A
CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTOR


IS PRESSURE EXCERTED BY THE CIRCULATING
VOLUME OF BLOOD, ON THE WALLS OF THE
ARTERIES, VEINS AND ON THE CHAMBERS OF THE
HEART.
AND PRESSURE IS REGULATED BY HOMEOSTATIC
MECHANISMS, LUMEN SIZE OF ARTERIES, AND
ARTERIOLES,AND THE FORCE OF CARDIAC
CONTRACTION.
What Are the Symptoms of
Hypertension?

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There are usually no symptoms or signs of hypertension.
In fact, nearly one-third of those who have it don't know
it.
If your blood pressure is extremely high, there may be
certain symptoms to look out for, including:
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Severe headache
Fatigue or confusion
Vision problems
Chest pain
Difficulty breathing
Irregular heartbeat
Blood in the urine
Diagnostic Test
Brain, heart and kidney function test.
 CBC
 Serum levels of sodium, potassium,
calcium, hemoglobin, and hematocrit
 Lipid profile; fasting blood glucose level
 Creatinine, BUN, urinalysis, iv pyelography
(efect on kidneys)
 Chest x-rayand echocardiography

Medical Management
Drug therapy including:

Beta-adrenergic blocker

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Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE)
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Cardizem, norvasc, procardia
Alpha agonist
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Diovan, cozaar, avapro
Calcium channel blockers
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Captopen, vasotec, prinivil, zestril
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
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lopressor, corgard, inderal,
Clonidine
Diuretics
Medical Management

Non pharmacologic therapy
Loss of excess weight
 Reduce saturated fat
 Limit alcohol intake
 Exercise regularly
 Reduce sodium intake
 Consume enough potassium, calcium, and
magnesium
 Stop smoking
 Relaxation techniques and stress management

What Health Problems Are
Associated With Hypertension?

Stroke, heart failure, haert attack, kidney
failure and vision problems.
Prognosis
Untreated hypertension results in loss of
elasticity in arterioles and replaced by
fibrous tissue. Resulting in decreased
tissue perfussion especially in the heart,
kidneys, and the brain.
 With treatment the prognosis is usually
good.
