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ALCOHOL
Unit # 3
Miss Martini
Alcohol Today

Nation’s #1 Drug Problem ( depressant)

100+ million adults (60-70% of total
population use)
– Used more than any other drug
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10+ million adult alcoholics
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3+ million teenage alcoholics/ problem
drinkers
Alcohol Today

½ of all crime
– 75% of violent crimes

Alcohol is negatively linked with violence,
rape, suicide, breaking the law, academic
apathy, accidental death, injuries,
irresponsible decisions, STI/ STDs, job loss,
divorce, and serious illness.
 Alcohol related diseases lead to 12,000
deaths/ year
– #1 Cirrhosis
(linked with long term excessive alcohol use)
Motor Vehicle Deaths

1982
– 25,000 (57% of deaths)

1993
– 17,400 (44%)
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2000
– 16,068 (38%)

2002
– 17,419 (41%)

2003
– 17,401 (40%)
Classes of Drinkers (3 classes)

Social
– Moderate, safe amounts consumed by adult (21
yrs or older)
– Ex/ occasionally has a beer with dinner

Problem
– Self or others at risk
– Person starts to build up a tolerance, may
experience blackouts
– Ex/ drinks until they vomit, drives when drinking,
doesn’t remember what happened the night they
consumed alcohol

Alcoholic
– dependent
Responsible (over 21)
Alcohol Use

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Know limit
* MODERATION*
Space out drinks
Small glasses
Dilute mix drinks
Eat while consuming
Don’t drink and drive
Don’t drink and use medication
Don’t drink if pregnant or not sure
– Baby’s of mothers who drink may be born with
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
• Delayed physical and mental growth
1 Drink
(1/2 oz of pure ethanol)
(active drug in wine, beer, liquor is ethyl or ethanol alcohol)

One 12 oz can of beer (4.5% alcohol)
 1 ¼ oz of 80 proof hard liquor
(distilled ex/ whiskey, gin, brandy) (40% alcohol)
– Proof: amount of alcohol in a beverage as
measured by %, double the % of alcohol
• Ex/ Beverage with 20% alcohol is 40 proof

1 oz of 100 proof liquor
 3-5 oz of wine (12-14% alcohol)
 1 wine cooler (1.5-6 % alcohol)
 1 mixed drink (see above)
Alcohol & the Body
About 20% of alcohol consumed is
absorbed into bloodstream through
stomach walls.
 The majority is absorbed through
intestine walls.
 The remaining alcohol is excreted
through urine, perspiration, or breath.

How Alcohol Affects the Body
(impair judgment, loosen inhibitions, dull reflexes)
 Nervous system
– Brain
• Blackouts (a period in which a person cannot remember
what has happened following alcohol use)
(start to see with problem drinkers)
• Seizures
• Dementia (decline in all areas of mental functioning)

Digestive system
– Developing cancers of mouth, esophagus, &
stomach
– Ulcers
– Liver disease (cirrhosis- liver begins to fill with fat)
 Immune system
– Increased risk of developing illnesses
• Respiration infections
• Tuberculosis
• Certain cancers
Affects on Body

Cardiovascular system
– Damages organs
– Increased risk for cardiovascular disease, high blood
pressure, & stroke

Skeletal system
– Body loses calcium
• Osteoporosis

Urinary system
– Can cause kidney failure
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Reproductive system
– Female: cause irregular periods
– Male: affects size of testes and muscle development
Alcohol Affects Every Cell in the
Body

Most alcohol is changed to harmless
waste by the liver
– Liver can only process about 1 drink/ hour
– If drink more then this the excess alcohol
build up in the body

Alcohol goes to body tissue before
excretion
– Effects of alcohol intensify
– Concentration of alcohol in blood increases
Hangover- a result of the chemicals used
to make alcohol.
The only true treatment for a hangover
is TIME, not coffee, cold shower, etc.
 One of the worst things you can do for a
person is give them another alcoholic
beverage.

Blood Alcohol Concentration
(BAC)
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Higher the BAC, the greater the effects of alcohol on the body.
If the amount of alcohol (a toxin) is too large, stomach will reject
it
– Vomiting
Too much of a toxin (alcohol) can be poisonous.
– Binge drinking
• Consumption of large amount of alcohol in short amount of time
• Linked with rape, unprotected sex, death, fights, poor decisions, alcohol
poisoning
– Alcohol poisoning signs
• Unconscious, can’t be woken, vomiting while passed out, breathing
slow, pale/ cold/ clammy skin
• Call 911 immediantly
Factors that affect BAC
(see text pg 412)
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Amount consumed
Body weight
Feelings
Amount of food
eaten
Carbonation of
beverage
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Speed consumed
% of body fat
Gender
Presence of other
drugs in blood
Age
What Happens as BAC Increases
See text page 413
 wksht
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Alcohol Laws
BAC ( % of alcohol in blood)- only factor which legally determines
level of intoxication
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Liquor Control Board
– Controls all sales of alcoholic beverages in PA
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Underage Drinking
– Zero-tolerance law
• Lowers the legal BAC level for intoxicated drivers under
21 yrs of age
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Driving Under the Influence (DUI)
– Breathalyzer test: accurate and common way
police check BAC
– Under 21 yrs = 0.02
– Over 21 yrs = 0.08
* Reason for these laws is to protect the health,
lives, and property of the public
Laws
Parents can not buy alcohol for their
children even if it is their own home.
 Parents can be held accountable & face
fines for serving minors on their
property.
 A person under 21 yrs. Can be arrested/
fined for underage drinking in PA if they
are:
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– Consuming
– Transporting
– Possessing alcohol
Law Activity
Newspaper headline:
Local Teen Arrested for Drunk-Driving
Incident

1.
2.
3.
4.
What possible events led to the teens arrest?
Who was with the teen before this incident?
How did the teen get the alcohol?
What was this incident they were arrested for?

Use Alcohol Laws packet
1.
List laws teen may have violated
2.
What behaviors may have led to teen being
arrested?

Use refusal skills worksheet
1. Create a safer ending to this situation
using refusal skills so that this
incident does not occur.
a. Give reason for refusal
b. Show your concern
c. Provide alternatives
d. Use body language to reinforce what you say
e. Take a definite action
Alcoholism (see text pg 419)
– Disease in which there is physical and
psychological dependence on alcohol.
Early stage- social drinker becomes a problem
drinker
Late stage- problem drinker becomes alcoholic

Difficulty controlling behavior
 Denial
 Withdrawal
– Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
• Is the reaction of the body to sudden stopping of drinking
– Delirium Tremens
» Is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in
which there are hallucinations and muscle convulsions

Affects on others
Getting Help
Interventions are held to help make the
alcoholic aware of the problem (see wksht)
 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
– Recovery program for people who have
alcoholism
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Al-Anon
– Recovery program for people who have friends or
family members with alcoholism
– Ex/ help spouse of an alcoholic, family member or
friend
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Al-Ateen
– Recovery program for teens who have a family
member or friend with alcoholism
Intervention Steps
Stop enabling behaviors
 Talk to your friend
 Ask another friend to help
 Follow through
 Seek adult or professional help

What drug classification is Alcohol?
Stimulant
Depressant
Hallucinogen
Narcotic
Someone who drinks moderately
Alcoholic
Problem
Social
Dead
Recovery program for teens of an
alcoholic family
AA
Al-anon
AAA
Ala-teen
Possible result of a pregnant women
using alcohol
TAS
FAS
SIDS
DUH
One factor that affects BAC
Gender
Shower
Sleep
Caffeine
This class of drinker starts to
experience blackouts
Social
Problem
Alcoholic
Sober
Example of one drink
1 oz of beer
2 oz 100 proof
3-5 oz wine
2 mixed drinks
BAC limit for 21 or older
.06
.02
.08
.1
Common way police check BAC
Breathalyzer
Urine
Saliva
Ear wax
Person most likely found at Ala-non
meeting
Alcoholic
Wife of alcoholic
Co-worker of alcoholic
dog
Only thing that legally determines
intoxication
Color of skin
BAC
Ability to drive
Ability to walk
Most important thing to do in case of
alcohol poisoning
Lay on side
call 911
Put to sleep
eat bread
Person under 21 has legal
intoxication level beginning at
.04
.08
.02
.01
Severe form of alcohol withdrawal
Alcoholic
Delirium tremens
Scratching
cold
Organization that controls sales of
alcohol in PA
PCP
LCP
LCB
OCB
Over the legal limit and driving,
could be arrested for
Under age drinking
DUI
Zero tolerance
DWU
Active ingredient in alcohol
Flour
yeast
Ethanol
gasoline
Period of time forgotten the day
following alcohol abuse
Pass out
Sleep
DUI
Blackout
First step of an intervention
Follow through
Talk to your friend
Stop enabling
Seek adult/ professional
Drinking a lot in a small amount of
time
Overdose
binge drinking
Blackout
pass out
These are put in place to protect the
health, lives, and property of the
public
BAC
Seatbelts
Alcohol laws
air bags
Stage of alcoholism where a social
drinker becomes a problem drinker
Late
Early
Effects of alcohol on the liver
Cirrhosis
Obesity
Cancer
Softening
How does alcohol effect the brain
Speeds it up
slows it
Hallucinates
causes it to think