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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 The use and abuse The use and abuse of of drugs drugs Hodder Education Revision Lessons Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Overview A drug is a substance that alters the way the body works. Drugs can be split into three main categories: • medicinal drugs — used to prevent or fight diseases and other health problems • recreational drugs — used for pleasure • performance-enhancing drugs — used to improve strength, speed etc. How many drugs in each of the categories above do you know? Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Medicinal drugs Drugs have been used for thousands of years to cure ailments. All drugs have some potential side effects that can affect people (as in the case of thalidomide) and so have to be thoroughly tested through clinical trials. What are the ethical issues involved in testing new drugs on animals? What are the ethical issues involved in testing new drugs on people? Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Thalidomide Thalidomide was developed for sleeping problems but it was found to relieve morning sickness in pregnant women. However it also caused their children to have deformed limbs. It was banned, but it is now used for treating leprosy. Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Performance-enhancing drugs Whenever there have been competitions, there have been people prepared to cheat. Drugs have been used to improve: • strength — steroids build muscle • size — HGH (human growth hormone) increases height • stamina — EPO is used in endurance sports such as cycling • precision — beta-blockers can improve ability in sports such as snooker These drugs all have known side effects. Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Recreational drugs Drugs are taken by some people for pleasure despite their proven harmful side effects. Examples are: • alcohol — causes liver and brain damage • tobacco — lung cancer and emphysema • marijuana — mental problems • solvents — brain damage People who use illegal hard drugs such as heroin and cocaine use, or have used, recreational drugs. Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Alcohol Classification Effects on the body It is illegal for anyone under the • Feel relaxed age of 18 to buy alcoholic drinks. • Lose inhibitions It is illegal for someone over 18 to • Can become loud and sometimes supply alcoholic drinks to someone under 18. aggressive • Unconsciousness • Increased blood pressure • Possible liver and brain damage Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Solvents Glue, lighter fluid, paint thinners, correcting fluid Classification Effects on the body It is illegal for a retailer to sell a • Brief feeling of euphoria solvent to anyone under the age • Lose inhibitions of 18 if they believe it will be used for inhaling to cause intoxication. • Blurred vision • Dizziness • Blackouts • Possible lung, liver and brain damage Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Cocaine Classification Effects on the body Class A or ‘hard’ drug. • Feeling of well-being and confidence Illegal to possess or sell. • Increased heart rate and blood pressure • Highly addictive • Depression • Mental health problems Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Heroin Classification Effects on the body Class A or ‘hard’ drug. • Feeling of well-being Illegal to possess or sell. • Drowsiness • Blurred vision • Vomiting • Highly addictive • Can cause a coma or death when taken in large amounts Click to continue AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 3 Recreational drugs — what do you think? • • • • Do you think drugs like cannabis should be legalised? What are the advantages and disadvantages? What would happen if all drugs were made legal? What are your views on this? Click to continue