Download Estimated HIV/AIDS in the world by 2002

AIDS Epidemic and Control
in China
Zeng Yi
Chinese Foundation for
Prevention of STD and AIDS
Estimated HIV/AIDS in the world
2003
－2003
New infected HIV
5.0 Million
Death AIDS Cases
3.0 Million
Living HIV/AIDS
44.0 Million
Death HIV/AIDS
30.8 Million
Total HIV/AIDS
74.8 Million
HIV Epidemic in Asia Pacific Region
2002
New infected HIV
1.0 Million
2002
Death AIDS Cases
0.49 Million
－2002 Comulative Living HIV/AIDS
7.2 Million
Living Young People with HIV(15-24)
2.1 Million
Living Children with HIV
0.225 Million
HIV Epidemic in China
1982 HIV in factor 8 transmitted into China
1983 1st Chinese haemophiliac patient
infected with HIV
1989 Drug users infected with HIV
1994 Blood donors infected with HIV
HIV Epidemic in China
－2003.6 Cumulative Reported HIV/AIDS Cases 45092
AIDS Cases
3532
Death AIDS Cases
1800
－2003.6 Living HIV/AIDS
840000
AIDS Cases
Death AIDS Cases
80000
200000
－2003 Estimated HIV/AIDS Cases
＞1 Million
HIV /AIDS Epidemic Trends in China 1985-2003.6
Geographic Distribution of Cumulative HIV Infections
in China (1985-2003.6)
Risk Factors for Cumulative HIV Infections in
China, 1985-2003.6
Characteristics of HIV/AIDS Epidemic
in China
◆
Transmit in extensive scope, low transmission
nationwide, high transmission endemic
◆
The nationwide AIDS transmission, symptom,
and death have witnessed an distinct ascending
trend
◆
Transmission pattern and route changed, the
epidemic transfers from the high-risk population
to the general population
Factors
Related with
HIV/AIDS Epidemic in China
Migration Population
Estimated that the total
migrants,
both
number of
temporary
and
permanent, may be as high as 120
million.
Blood Transmission
• Injecting drug use (IDU)
The drug users are estimated to be 3-5
million. The HIV infection rates among IDUs
has reached 20-30%, and about 60-80% in a
few provinces. HIV epidemic continues to
spread among and from IDUs in China.
Spread of HIV Infection in IDUs in China
• Blood and blood products
HIV infection rate among blood
plasma donors ranged from 16.1-42%
in some villages during 1994-1996.
Sexual Transmission
• Prostitute
The number of STD cases estimated
is about 6 million. The HIV infection
rate is 3-4% in STD outpatients clinic
of some provinces, even up to 12% in
one city.
• Male Homosexual (MSM).
The number of MSM estimated is 20 million.
The HIV infection rate（1-5%）:
1998
2.5%
2001
4.2%
2002
5.5%
Regularly use condom
9.0%
HIV
sexual
transmission
will
continue to increase and become the
major mode of HIV transmission in
future.
Epidemics by mother-to-child mode
◆Limited information is available about epidemic in
mother-to-child transmission. This does not mean it
is not a problem.
◆Accompany with increased infection caused by
heterosexual contact， there will be more women
being infected, therefore the mother-to-child
transmission will increase in future.
◆ Mother-to-child transmission mainly occurred in
epidemic center.
AIDS AWARENESS
• Serious lack of nation-wide education and
intervention
• Use of mass media: small projects with limited
scope and effect mainly in cities
• Because of low awareness of AIDS among the
general public, discrimination against people
with HIV/AIDS and their families is still a big
problem in China.
There is no indication that the
spread of HIV in China will be
controlled or slowed down in the near
future.
It is predicted that there will be
about 10 millions HIV cases in China
by the year 2010 if the government
does not take appropriate and
sufficient action to the AIDS
epidemic.
Suggestions(2000)
In order to effectively control the AIDS
epidemic in China, We suggest the following:
1. The State Council takes a leading role in
AIDS control.
2. Prevention should be first priority of the
national strategies for controlling AIDS.
3. Policies need to be developed for
adopting education and intervention
strategies and measures that have
been proved effective in controlling
the AIDS epidemic worldwide.
4. The safety of blood and blood
products needs to be improved by
enhancing management, clarifying
responsibilities, and protecting the
human rights of patients.
5. More researches on AIDS control
and prevention needs to be completed,
including epidemiology, behavioral
science, social science, dissemination
science, pharmaceutics, and vaccine
studies.
6.Funding
for
AIDS
prevention,
treatment and scientific research et al
need to be increased to achieve the goals
and objectives set in the “China
Long/Medium Term Plan For AIDS
Control 1998-2010 ’’.
Actions Fighting against HIV/AIDS by
Central Government in Recent Years
• Sex education has been approved by Ministry
Education to begin in junior high school (2000).
• Methadone can be tried among drug users (2001).
• Top leaders of central government discussed and
took strong actions in fighting against HIV/AIDS
(2001).
• Increase budget for controlling HIV/AIDS to more
than 2 billions for 10 years (2001).
• Combining treatment with prevention in 127
counties are being carried out (2002).
• National Committee for Prevention and Treatment
of AIDS was established(2004.2).
Gao Qiang Speeches
1. Chinese government will strengthen government
efforts to fulfill the responsibility. The Chinese
government has considered HIV/AIDS prevention and
treatment an important task. Chinese government will
further clarify the targets, identify the responsibilities
and improve evaluation, supervision and monitoring.
Should there be any HIV/AIDS spread caused by
ineffective work, the government will hold the person or
department in charge accountable for the negligence.
2. The Chinese government is committed to
provide free treatment and medicines to
HIV/AIDS patients who are in economic
difficulties.
3. Chinese government will improve the laws
and regulations and intensify the intervention on
dangerous behaviors. Public awareness
campaigns will be launched, educating the public
and encouraging them to participate in the
HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment effort.
4.Chinese government will protect the
legitimate rights of HIV/AIDS patients and
oppose social discrimination against them. In all
the 124 counties where the Chinese “care”
project will be established, integrated measures
including antiretroviral treatment, care and life
assistance will be adopted.
5. Chinese government will be more active in
international cooperation. The HIV/AIDS
prevention and treatment in China have received
concern and support from the international
community.
Two new studies reported that
wider application of measures for
HIV/AIDS education and intervention
programs would prevent 29 million
people in the world.
AIDS Education and intervention
would prevent 70 percent of HIV
infections in countries with rapidly
growing epidemics (like Cameroon and
China).
Thailand-existing epidemic vs. potential
6 million people with HIV infection prevented
HIV Prevalence in Thailand vs. South Africa
The Impact of Early Intervention(1990-2001)
HIV Prevalence
25%
20%
South Africa
15%
10%
5%
Thailand
0%
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
South Africa
Thailand
Source: UNAIDS
If countries fail to adopt measures
of
education
and
intervention
programs, about 46 million people,
most in Sub-Suharan Africa, China
and India, would become infected.
The costs of a aggressive program
would be as ＄1,000 for each infection
prevented, much less than the cost of
treating people once they become ill.
It is critical to take strong action now,
otherwise, this window of opportunity to
control the AIDS epidemic in China will
be lost. AIDS education and intervention
are most important strategy for
controlling AIDS epidemic.
According
to
our
experience
(in
Weifang City): The costs of education and
intervention program would be 2 yuan
(＄ 25 cents) for each person in China,
especially in the counties and rural areas.
The cost for carrying out education
and intervention programs would be
2.6 billion yuan for whole China within
3-5 years. In that case, 6 million people
infected with HIV would be prevented
up to 2010.
Conquering AIDS requires combining
prevention with treatment programs, a
more aggressive effort to prevent the
spread of AIDS would be far less
expensive than treating those infected in
an epidemic.
Thanks !