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Abnormality Lesson 3 Approaches to Abnormality Objectives • Todays objectives to have an overview of the four approaches to abnormality. Overview • Why we have to learn approaches? • Definitions is the statement of what forms and kind abnormality there is. • Now where going to look at the why? • All the approaches are based on a specific view of the very nature of being human and our functioning. The Biological approach Our bodies are physical ill • Our bodies are machines, in the same way illness can be said to be our systems failure we are built like machines. • Its seen as organic study of our flesh, blood and chemical functioning in the body and brain. • changes in the body are influenced by: biochemistry, viral infection, neuroanatomy, genetics. • Treatments are somatic ie: Drug, ECT, Psychosurgery. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-orbNg-XPk The Psychodynamic Approach • Explains behaviour by what DRIVES it, eg; the way a person thinks, feels, or acts. • Freud said illness is more about psychological (emotional, spiritual, inner) rather than the physical factors. • Most behaviour can be expressed by the unconscious. ‘Freudian slip’. Conflicts between the ID and ego are handled by ego defence mechanisms like repression. (which would be the psychological disorder) • Treatment is to make the unconscious into the conscious. Behavioural Approach • Learning theory…Classical vs Operant • (we are born as a blank slate) and everything we are learning. • We should study behaviour to learn the abnormality as it’s the most important thing not the feelings, or biological brain functioning. To be scientific we must study behaviour. Eg: Pavlov, Bandura. • If abnormal behaviours are learnt. The therapy is to retrain Mini Task http://www.ar.cc.mn.us/biederman/courses/p1110/conditionin g2.htm The Cognitive Approach • Suggests that the key influence on behaviour is the internal mental process (a faulty thinking process) • (meaning) the brain is like a computer inputting information so that process, similar the working memory model. • Abnormality would be explained in terms of thoughts, beliefs and attitudes. • Therapies are based on changing the way a person thinks about themselves. (coping strategies) According to Beck, this is cycle which is thought to lead to depression. The components of the triad are: negative views about the world, negative views about oneself and negative views about the future. These is turn lead to each other.