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Medication Administration Principles of Pharmacology Medication Nomenclature • Chemical Name – exact composition • Generic Name – given by original manufacturer • Trade Name – given by a pharm. company to its own specific product Generic Name • May be the same as the chemical name • Nonproprietary • Always on the medication package GENERIC TRADE NAME NAME acetaminophen Tylenol diazepam Valium Medication Orders • Verbal or Written • Must be signed • Must Include: • • • • • Date Written Drug’s name Dosage Route Frequency Medication Administration • • • • • Right Right Right Right Right Patient Drug Amount Route Time Drug Measurement • Unit of Measure 1 Liter: 1000 mL or 1000 cc • Unit of Weight Gram: – Kilograms (kg) 1000 (g) or 2.2 lbs – Milligrams (mg) – Micrograms (mcg) Factors Affecting Drug Administration • Age, gender, weight, emotional or psych state, time, food • Drug Tolerance • Drug Resistance • Synergistic effect • Metabolism • Absorption • Fat soluble vs water soluble Routes of Administration • • • • • Oral Sublingual (SL) Suppositories Topical Parenteral Oral • Liquid, tablet or capsule • Slower absorption and longer duration of drug • Most absorption in small intestine • May be given through nasogastric tube • If tablet has enteric coating, do not chew. Oral First-Pass Effect • Partial metabolism of drug before it reaches • Must travel through gastric and hepatic circulation first • Given larger doses to get the desired effect Rectal • Oral drugs may be given rectal if nauseated and unable to retain • Advantage of avoiding first-pass • Disadvantage: absorption erratic Sublingual or Buccal • Must be small, uncoated tablets • Dissolves quickly • Will bypass the gastric mucosa directly to bloodstream • Do not give water Topical • Eyes, nose, throat, respiratory mucosa, vagina and in some cases rectum • Some drugs applied to skin for systemic effect (transdermal) • Absorbed slowly and constant blood level of drug achieved Parenteral • • • • Intravenous (IV) Intramuscular (IM) Subcutaneous (SQ or SC) Intradermal Medication Classifications • • • • • • • Analgesics Antiarrhythmic Antibiotics Anticoagulant Antiemetic Antihistamine Antiinflammatory • • • • • Antipyretics Antianxiety Agents Bronchodilators Laxative Thrombolytic Agents • Vasodilators