Download Medication Administration - Oregon Institute of Technology

Medication
Administration
Principles of Pharmacology
Medication Nomenclature
• Chemical Name – exact composition
• Generic Name – given by original
manufacturer
• Trade Name – given by a pharm.
company to its own specific product
Generic Name
• May be the same
as the chemical
name
• Nonproprietary
• Always on the
medication package
GENERIC TRADE
NAME
NAME
acetaminophen
Tylenol
diazepam
Valium
Medication Orders
• Verbal or Written
• Must be signed
• Must Include:
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Date Written
Drug’s name
Dosage
Route
Frequency
Medication
Administration
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Right
Right
Right
Right
Right
Patient
Drug
Amount
Route
Time
Drug Measurement
• Unit of Measure 1 Liter: 1000 mL or
1000 cc
• Unit of Weight Gram:
– Kilograms (kg) 1000 (g) or 2.2 lbs
– Milligrams (mg)
– Micrograms (mcg)
Factors Affecting Drug
Administration
• Age, gender, weight, emotional or psych
state, time, food
• Drug Tolerance
• Drug Resistance
• Synergistic effect
• Metabolism
• Absorption
• Fat soluble vs water soluble
Routes of Administration
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Oral
Sublingual (SL)
Suppositories
Topical
Parenteral
Oral
• Liquid, tablet or capsule
• Slower absorption and longer duration of
drug
• Most absorption in small intestine
• May be given through nasogastric tube
• If tablet has enteric coating, do not chew.
Oral First-Pass Effect
• Partial metabolism of drug before it
reaches
• Must travel through gastric and
hepatic circulation first
• Given larger doses to get the desired
effect
Rectal
• Oral drugs may be given rectal if
nauseated and unable to retain
• Advantage of avoiding first-pass
• Disadvantage: absorption erratic
Sublingual or Buccal
• Must be small, uncoated tablets
• Dissolves quickly
• Will bypass the gastric mucosa
directly to bloodstream
• Do not give water
Topical
• Eyes, nose, throat, respiratory
mucosa, vagina and in some cases
rectum
• Some drugs applied to skin for
systemic effect (transdermal)
• Absorbed slowly and constant blood
level of drug achieved
Parenteral
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Intravenous (IV)
Intramuscular (IM)
Subcutaneous (SQ or SC)
Intradermal
Medication
Classifications
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Analgesics
Antiarrhythmic
Antibiotics
Anticoagulant
Antiemetic
Antihistamine
Antiinflammatory
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Antipyretics
Antianxiety Agents
Bronchodilators
Laxative
Thrombolytic
Agents
• Vasodilators