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Part 3—Regional Sustainable Development and Integrated Analysis of China
（application）
Region Division of China Geography
Environmental Protection
in Resource Development
Regional
Geography
Characters
Typical Regions
Regional
PRED
Resource Development
in Environmental Protection
Promote the Beneficial
and Abolish the Harmful
Contrast of
Geography Regions
Land Consolidation
and Regional Development
Chapter 7 Regional Integrated Analysis
Section one: Synthetical analysis of regional geography—a case study of the
Bohai Rim
Section two: Synthetical analysis of province region—a case study of Inner
Mongolian Municipality
Section one: Synthetically analysis of regional geography—a case study of
the Bohai rim
I. The Bohai Rim and the Capital Circle
II. Population, Economy and Resources
III. The Limit of Regional Sustainable Development—Water
IV. The Development of Bo Hai Sea Ice
V. The Conception of Water Development—Enclose Sea to Lake
I. The Bohai Rim and the Capital Circle
1. The location and area of the Bohai Rim
•The door of northern sea
•The front of northeast
Asian economic circle
•The jumping-off point of
Eurasia Bridge
•The joint of 3 large
regions including
backland, north
China and the
northeast of China
•Location of the capital
•Core economic zone of
North China and
Northeast located
Beijing
Include: three
provinces and two
cities, coastline as
long as 5,800 km,
total area takes
5.4% of China,
population takes
16.7% and GDP
takes 24.4%
2. The core economy region
The industry production value
of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region
takes 52%
in North China
Beijing-Tianjin
LIAONING
HEBEI
Changping
Shunyi
Zunhua
Qin Huangdao
Tongzhou
Sanhe
Men Tougou
Beijing
Tangshan
Fangshan
zhuozhou
Langfang
Fengnan
Hangu
Gao Beidian
Bazhou
Bohai Sea
Tanggu
Tianjin
Dagang
Baoding
Dingzhou
Anguo
km
Provincial Boundary
Metropolis
City Boundary
Capital
Developed adjacent area
Other city
The industry production
value of the central and southern
Liaoning Province
takes 38% in Northeast China
The central and
southern Liaoning Province
The industry production
value of Shan dong peninsula
takes 51% in Shandong Province
Fushun
Shenyang
Jinzhou
Panshan Liaoyang
Yingkou
Benxi
Shandong Peninsula
Industrial Base
Anshan
Laizhou Yantai
Weihai
Dandong
Laixi
Zibo
Jinan
Weifang
Shandong Peninsula
Jiaozhou
Qingdao
Dalian
(according to Yao Shimou)
3. The capital circle
Beijing—Old Beijing city
VI Far outskirts zone
Beijing City Location Variance Map
Miyun
Yanqing
Pinggu
Huaitou
Middle Capital city of Jin Dynasty 1267
Peking city in Ming and Qing Dynasty
Capital city of Yuan Dynasty
year
V Outskirts of a city zo
Changping Shunyi
Mentougou Beijing
Fangshan
Tongxian
Beijing City of Ming,Qing and Republic of China
1644 year
Liuligou
Daxing
II The city zone
Capital Site of Yan dynasty(Shang and Zhou periods)
Tang Dynasty(Youzhou)
III Planed city zone
Capital city of Jin Dynasty
Beijing City
1153 year
IV Outskirts zone
Ancient Beijing
Capital Economic
Circle
Jing-Jin-Tang
Jing-Jin-Ji
The Bohai Rim
Outer Circle of
the Bohai Rim
II. Population, Economy and Resources
1.The proportion of population, economy and resource of
the Bohai Rim in average level
2.The proportion of population, economy and resource of
Jing-Jin region in average level
%
Beijing
Tianjin
3.The proportion of population, economy and resource of
Hebei-Liaoning-Shandong region in average level
Hebei Liaoning Shandong
4.The regional difference of population and economy
in the Bohai Rim
Population density
Person/sq.km.
The Bohai Sea rim-county-total population density
GDP per capita
yuan/person
The Bohai Sea rim-county-per capital GDP
GDP per land
yuan/sq.km
The Bohai Sea rim-county-per unit GDP
Crop production
per capita
kg/person
The Bohai Sea rim-county-per capital grain output
Urban GDP
Urban GDP(ten thousand yuan)
III. The limit of regional sustainable development—water
1. Systems Analysis
Global warming
Tendency of North Desertification
Water
diversion
Water
quantity
Regional precipitation relatively less,
seasonal distribution unevenly
Regional surface runoff relatively less, river breaks off
Water
interception
Lack
of
water
Sea
water
desalination
Excess groundwater exploitation, filler appears
··· ··· ···
Water
quality
Sea water conversely pours into the coastal region
Water pollution
Water
conservation
··· ···
Demand
Much population, dense city,
prosperous economy
2. Analysis of carrying capacity of population and economy based
on water resource in the Bohai Rim
National %
Precipitation
Gross water flow
Underground water flow
Ground water flow
Sluice amount of reservoirs
Number of Reservoirs
Capacity of Reservoirs
Yield of Crops
Effective Irrigated Areas
Sown Area of Grain Crops
Cultivated Land
Agriculture Output
Industry Output
Tertiary Industrial Output
Secondary Industrial Output
Primary Industry Output
Gross Domestic Output
Number of animals
Number of large animals
Non-Agricultural Population
Agricultural Population
Total population (year-end)
Area of Built-up regions
Land area
Number of counties
Total number of cities
Number of small cities
Number of medium cities
Number of big cities
Number of metropolis
3. Analysis of water environment in the Bohai Rim
Legend
saltwater intrusion
Jinzhou
Land Subsidence
Panjin
Yingkou
Qin Huangdao
Tangshan
Tianjin
Dalian
Cangzhou
Yantai
Binzhou
Dongying
Weifang
Qingdao
Weihai
Jinzhou
Chengde
Panjin
Yingkou
Beijing
Qin Huangdao
Tangshan
Tianjin
Dalian
Cangzhou
Dongying
Yantai
Weihai
Binzhou
Jinan
Weifang
Qingdao
Ground ascending speed of the Bohai Rim (mm/year)
4. The dominating transferring water project in
the Bohai Rim
Channel length
Transfer Project
Name
Yinluan Project
Water Diversion
from Yellow river
to Qingdao
Regions
Transferring
model
Annual transferring
water amount
(100 million cu.m)
Transfer target
province
Water source
region
Folding region
Luanhe River Jing-jin-tang
city demand
self-flowing
Northern
China
extraction
Shandong
Downstream of
Yellow River
Qingdao
city demand
self-flowing
Hebei
Qinglong river
Qin Huangdao
City
city demand
Liaoning
Biliu river
Dalian
city
city demand
Water Diversion
from Qinglong
river
to Qinhuangdao
Water Diversion
from Biliu river
to Dalian
South-to-North Water
Transfer Project
extraction
North-to-South Water
Transfer Project
East-to-West Water
Transfer Project
West-to-East Water
Transfer Project
Beijing
South-to-North Water
Transfer Project
Tianjin
Baoding
Cangzhou
Shijiazhuang
The
east
Dezhou
Linqing
Jinan
Liaocheng
Wushan
Jining
Xinxiang
Zhengzhou
San Menxia
Plan to transfer water 30 billion
cubic meters, to irrigate 60
million mu, and support
urban industry for 6.6 billion
cubic meters
Xuzhou
Fangcheng
Nanyang
Xiangfan
Yichang
Hefei
Wuhan
San Douping
Shashi
Jiujiang
2nd transferring water line
1st transferring water line
Nanjing
The
central
Plan to transfer
water 14.5 billion cubic
meters, to irrigate 75 million
mu, and support urban
industry for 6.4 billion cubic
meters
Input area
Input outside
water
Transferring of
chemistry elements
Transferring Overpass Area
Transfer
Salinization
of irrigated land
Increase water
amount
Population transferring
Transferring of
infectious disease
Mineralization decrease
Change of Water network
Seep
Underground water Subsidy
Salinization
Block
Intersect of east and west rivers
Underground water dam-marsh
Sluice
New aquatic ecosystem
Time:dry seasons in dry years
Water amount
decreases
Output area
Environmental
problems
Sedimentation of sand
Serious population
sea-water backward pouring
The ecologic
environmental
Problems in
“South-to-North
Water Transfer
Project ”
IV. The development of Bo Hai Sea Ice
1.From refrigerator experiment to project practice
2. From ice disaster to ice resource
Sea
ice
disaster
supervision
Naturally icing
Jan.15 in 2001
•Ice over in Winter in tiptop
latitudinal sea area of China
•Salinity abundantly
separates out during icing
process
•Bohai Sea belongs to the
region that water depth is
relatively short and salinity
is lower
Sea
ice
resource
measurement
3.Ice measuring and experiment analysis
Salinity
Ice block thickness (cm)
During the sea ice
freezing process, the
total salinity decreases
from 1.4% to 4.0% as
one sixth of that in the
bottom.
Near coast 50m
Near coast 100m
Near coast 500m
Figure. Sea ice salinity profile
The freezing rate is
positively correlated
to the freezing time.
The freezing rate is
negatively
correlated to the
temperature.
Freezing rate
Time
Temperature
Figure. Relationship between sea ice freezing rate and time(a) and temperature(b)
The larger the sea water capability is, the less salinity is. (Pay attention to the scales of sea and container)
Modeling Salinity Change after Sea Ice Separation
Sample number
Original salinity
Salinity after separation
Desalination rate
•The sea melt-water coming into the ice again will make the salinity decrease to
0.5‰-2.0 ‰. The extent is as high as 40% to 70%, while the sea water is close to the
fresh water.
After breaking up and centrifugation, the salinity fall again, intent is about 30% to 50%.
4.Sea ice environment analysis
minus accumulated
temperature index
Jinzhou
Hu Ludao
Xingcheng
Suizhong
Yingkou
Gaixian
Xiongyue
Youyan
Zhuanghe
Luanxian
Baodi Tangshan
Donggang
Fuxian
Pikou
Hangu
Tianjin
Panshan
high
Qin Huangdao
•The beginning and
final time of average
temperature -4℃ is
close to the icing time
and melting time.
Changhai
Tanggou
Tanggu
Dalian
Qingxian
Huanghua
Chang Shandao
Zhanhua
Longkou
Huimin
Laizhou
Pingdu
Weifang
Xixia
Cheng Shantou
•The freezing point of fresh
water is 0℃
•The freezing point of sea
water is lower than 0℃
The standard freezing point
of sea water is -1.8℃
Figure. Average accumulated temperature distribution of 30 years in northern Bohai and Huanghai Sea ≤-4°C
Legend
Fixed ice boundary
Floating ice boundary
Yingkou
Jinzhou
Dandong
Liaodong Bay
Qin Huangdao
Tanggu
Dalian
Bohai Sea
Bohai Sea Bay
Yellow Hai
Laizhou Bay
Longkou
Yantai
Minus accumulated
temperature index
-100℃ generally
coincides with outer
margin of floating
ice.
Figure. Perennial ice conditions distribution map of northern Bohai and Huanghai Sea
5. Development and application of sea ice
•Liaodong Bay is the optimal exploitation base for sea ice. The severe low
temperature recurrence period is 6 years.
•The assurance ratio of relatively low temperature year is 80%. The flat ice
depth is 10-20 cm.
•The location of industrial transferring sea ice into freshwater should be set
in north of Tanggu of Bohai Bay.
•As a kind of fresh water, sea ice could be used to irrigate the coastal farm or industrial
refrigeration.
•Relief the contradiction of fresh water short and increase the storage ability of fresh water.
•Reduce the dependence for South-to-North Water Transfer Project.
V. The conception of water development
—enclose sea to lake
1. Huanghe River delta & Huanghe River changing its course
•Huanghe River delta :
•The acreage: 250,000
square kilometers
•Since 1855, the marginal
region of Huanghe River
has changed the course for
11 times and established
the delta with the Ninghai
as acme.
Ninghai
•In Huanghe bayou, 23.6 square kilometer roads are built every year
•The coastline is 11.8 km long and extends 0.18km every year.
2.Huanghe River Delta & enclose Laizhou Bay
98.8.25 TM remote sensing image (RGB432)
1999 year
3. The Conception of Enclosing Bohai Sea
Liaodong
Peninsula
Bohai Sea
Huanghai
Miaodao islands
Yellow River Estuary
Shandong Peninsula
South of Bohai Sea
Manually lead
the abundant
of the mud
and sand
subside, so
than Bohai
gulf could
be enclosed
to a lake.
The three hypothesis of Loess Plateau
Scene 1 Ecologic management——flowing fresh water
Downstream
Scene 2
and
Soil and water erosion increases
——flowing muddy water
Bayou
Scene 3
?
Soil and water flow cutting
——flow cutting appear
Sand(desertification)
Loess(soil erosion)
Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area(salinization)
Salinized land
Imagine