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Environmental Issues
and Energy
-- for sustainable development
United Nations University
Itaru YASUI
http://www.yasuienv.net/
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UNU Mission & Roles
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"to contribute, through research and capacity
building, to efforts to resolve the pressing
global problems that are the concern of the
United Nations, its Peoples and Member
States"
An international community of scholars
A bridge between the United Nations and the
international academic community
A think-tank for the United Nations system
A builder of capacities, particularly in
developing countries
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ESD Programs
UNU’s Environment and sustainable Development
(ESD) Programme focuses on the interactions
between human activities and the natural environment,
and their implications for sustainable human
development.
Based on an appraisal of current challenges and the
targets set forth by the global community through the
WSSD and Action Plan, etc., ESD has defined four
broad thematic areas to concentrate future research as
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Sustainable Urbanization
Management of Fragile Ecosystems
Solutions to Water Crises
Environmental Governance and Information
Programme Development based on Holistic View of
Environmental Transitions
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WSSD Plan of Implementation
in Johannesburg 2002
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Poverty eradication
Changing unsustainable patterns of
consumption and production
Protection and managing the natural resource
base of economic and social development
Sustainable development in a globalizing
world
Health and sustainable development
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Changing unsustainable patterns of
consumption and production
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All countries should promote sustainable
consumption and production patterns, with the
developed countries taking the lead……
Encourage and promote the development of a
10 -year framework of programmes…….
Develop production and consumption policies
to improve the products and services provided,
while reducing environmental and health
impacts, using, where appropriate, sciencebased approaches, such as life-cycle analysis…..
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Changing unsustainable patterns of
consumption and production
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Enhance corporate environmental and social
responsibility and accountability…….
Prevent and minimize waste and maximize reuse,
recycling and use of environmentally friendly
alternative materials…….
Promote an integrated approach to policy -making
at the national, regional and local levels for
transport services and systems……
Sound management of chemicals throughout their
life cycle and of hazardous wastes……..
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Definition of “Sustainability”
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Two Kinds of Definition
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Corporate Social Responsibility Type
UN Brundtland Type
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Start Point
Sustainability
Triple Bottom Line
Economic
Aspects
Social
Aspects
Environmental Aspects
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Transition from Non Sustainable to Sustainable
Economic
Aspects
Social
Aspects
Economic
Aspects
Social
Aspects
Environmental Aspects
Environmental Aspects
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Brundtland Type
"Sustainable Development is
Development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet
their own needs. It is not a fixed state of
harmony, but rather a process of change
in which the exploitation of resources,
the direction of investments, the
orientation of technological development,
and institutional change are made
consistent with future as well as present
needs." (Brundtland Report 1987)
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Green & Sustainability; Different Views
Economic
Aspects
Social
Aspects
Fairness
& Justice
Resource
Consumption
Overcome
Poverty
Case for Japan
Resource
Factor
Human Health
Ecological
Impact
Human Equity
Limitation
of Earth
Eco-System
Factor
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Fossil Fuel to Renewable Energy
Biomass
 Solar Heat Energy
 Solar Cells
 Wind
 Sea Wave
 Power Generation by Temperature Difference
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 Geothermal
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UNU Activities for Energy
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Geothermal at UNU/GTP
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Key Issue:
Increase Energy Efficiencies/
Decoupling
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Transformation of
Environmental Issues
Environmental Issues change very quickly
in all countries and on the Earth
What kind of Explanation for the Changes?
Developed Countries：Which Direction to
move?
Developing Countries：What is the
interpretation? How is it possible to apply
to own countries?
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Dioxin & POPs
Environmental Problems
and Time Constants in
Japan
Air Pollution
EDC Problem
Depletion of Ozone Layer
Water & Sea Pollution
Soil & Sediment Pollution
Resource & Energy Consumption
Global Warming
1970
2000
2050
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GDP per capita ｖｓ． SOx Concentration
Environmental Kuznets Curve
after Prof. SIMON KUZNETS
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CO2 Emission Efficiency to GDP
Germany
China
Malaysia
USA
Data based on CO2 Emission
in 1996 and GDP/person in 1997
UK
Japan
Cambodia
Switzerland
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CO2 Emission/person vs. log GDP/capita
Factors
Temp.
Size
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A Trend Model for Environment Load in Japan
Japanese Model
Now
Value
Environment Load
Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission
Target
1970
Pollution, General
Economical Scale, such as GDP
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Total CO2 Emission(Global)
Now
JAPAN
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
4
Thematic Area
Material/Energy
Quantity
Carbon Dioxide
3
Destructive Use
Ecosystem:stage 2
Destructive Use
Ecosystem:stage 1
1
2
Casualties by
Natural Disaster
Damage
By Pollution
Development
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
Thematic Area 1
Quantity
Space
Bio-Resource
Resource/Energy
Water
Stable Society
Ecosystem
Incentive/Effort
Human
Optimum Tech
Destructive Use
Ecosystem:stage 1
1
Education
Information
Capacity Building
Development
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
Thematic Area 2
Quantity
Resource
Energy
Water
Technology
Legal Framework
Social Stock
2
Education
Information
Technology Transfer
Capacity Building
Casualties by
Natural Disaster
Damage
By Pollution
Development
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
Thematic Area 3
Science
Legal Framework
Value Judgment
Quantity
3
Education
Information
Destructive Use
Ecosystem:Stage 2
Energy
Development
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
Thematic Area 4
?
4
Quantity
Life Style
Foresight
Intelligence
Tax/Incentives
High Tech
Craftsmanship
Tradition
Development
Material/Energy
Carbon Dioxide
Education
Information
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
4
Thematic Area
Material/Energy
Quantity
Carbon Dioxide
3
Destructive Use
Ecosystem:stage 1
1
Destructive Use
Ecosystem:Stage 2
2
Casualties by
Natural Disaster
Damage
By Pollution
Development
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GDP vs. Life Expectancy
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GDP vs. Life Expectancy
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Studies in the Future @UNU
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Keywords
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Environment and Development
Dissemination & Eco-Restructuring
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Risks and MF&EC in Developing Countries
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Economics and MF&EC in Developing and
Developed Countries
Risk Reduction & Economic Growth
Timeline Analysis
MF&EC:Material Flow & Energy Consumption
(including “Stock” or “Infrastructures” )
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Risk Reduction
RiskReduction
Reduction
Risk
Risk Reduction
Economy Growth
EconomyGrowth
Growth
Economy
MF&EC:Material Flow & Energy Consumption
Economy
Growth
(including
“Stock”
or “Infrastructures” )
MF&EC:Material
MaterialFlow
Flow&&Energy
EnergyConsumption
Consumption
MF&EC:
(including“Stock”
“Stock”oror“Infrastructures”
“Infrastructures”) )
(including
MF&EC:Material Flow & Energy ConsumptionTimeLine Analysis
(including “Stock” or “Infrastructures” )
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A Scenario for Oil Production
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Newly Found and
Production of Oil
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Long Term Trend of Oil Consumption
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CO2 Emission/person vs. log GDP/capita
Target Area
World Ave.
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WSSD Plan of Implementation
in Johannesburg 2002
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Poverty eradication
Changing unsustainable patterns of
consumption and production
Protection and managing the natural resource
base of economic and social development
Sustainable development in a globalizing
world
Health and sustainable development
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