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Bringing the Net Effect to 700 million Rural Indians Let us Integrate rural India into mainstream economy Prof. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, Chennai [email protected] Rural Magic !! The next few slides are true stories which have “magically” impacted the lives of people in villages Palaniammal’s eyes… A 60 year old from a village near Melur Photographs by an ordinary web camera: Remote feedback given by Aravind Eye hospital Agricultural Consultancy An Okra crop saved Top: Diseased with yellow mosaic Below : Post treatment Saving of Rs 140,000 for the farmers Cost of information Rs 20 Built huge trust in the system URDIP, Pune, Oct03 4 The Vet is on the Net ... •This goat had a wound near its mouth and could not eat for a week • The advice from the doctor cured its problem in 2 days Remote Cardiac care URDIP, Pune, Oct03 6 The Power of Visual Communication Meeting : The PowerinofUlaganathapuram Visual Communication A DoctorNet in Madurai talking to patients URDIP, Pune, Oct03 7 Emergencies are no longer Calamities … In the village of T Ulgapitchanpatti, all hens are dying one by one. The symptoms for these hens are: First, their weight reduces and finally, their necks shrink. At this stage they die immediately. Until now, 300 hens have died in this way. How do we stop this? Please give us a solution immediately. From A. Sakkarai" URDIP, Pune, Oct03 8 … because Help is at Hand URDIP, Pune, Oct03 A visit from the Government Veterinary Officials to vaccinate all hens 9 Epidemics can be prevented with a Doctor on Call A potential epidemic of Chicken Pox was halted by a simple email to the right people Instant response from the Government Doctors URDIP, Pune, Oct03 10 Empowerment of People- Attapatti URDIP, Pune, Oct03 Veeramani, a man with disabilities, used to operate the pump for the Village Overhead Tank The Village Head removed him from his job and gave the post to one of his relatives Through the kiosk, he sent an email petition to the Chief Minister’s Cell, attaching his photograph He got his job back ! 11 Inter Village Singing Competition URDIP, Pune, Oct03 12 In essence Information and access to information leads to a significant increase in the quality of life People pay for improvements in quality of life This makes it a sustainable option URDIP, Pune, Oct03 13 How does one connect Rural India? India has 600,000+ villages 700 million people (under 1000 people per village) Can Rural India afford Connections? Needs Technology Sustainable Business Model Organisation which thinks and acts Rural URDIP, Pune, Oct03 14 Innovative Technology to connect Rural India BSNL has fibre connectivity to most Talukas (county hq) CorDECT WLL developed at IITM provides a telephone line and Internet connection in a 30 Km radius can connect 85% of Indian villages start-up costs very low To PSTN To Internet 35/70 kbps Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone • Rs 7500 - 10000 per line price •1 million lines being deployed URDIP, Pune, Oct03 15 Use Local Entrepreneurs to drive ICT Entrepreneur-driven operator assisted telephone booths (STD PCOs) introduced in 1987 120 Number of HH in millions Today in urban areas: 102.1 135 million rural households 100 80 60 40 17 20 10 3.9 1.9 1 0.3 0.3 18 26 42 65 112 0 3 9 13 HH Incom e in thousand Rs/m onth 950,000 such PCOs covering every street of smallest town generate 25 % of total telecom income 300 million people use these PCOs Lesson for Rural: To serve Rural people with incomes less than $ 1/day, aggregate demand and let Entrepreneurs drive it Aid/ Grant does not scale Successful Enterprises can scale to all villages URDIP, Pune, Oct03 16 Innovative Business Models n-Logue : A Rural Service Provider aggregate demand into a kiosk Rs 50000 per Kiosk providing telephone, Internet, multimedia PC with web-camera, printer and power back-up for PC plus Indian language software, video conferencing software, training and maintenance set up by a village entrepreneur on the lines of urban PCOs provides telephone, stand-alone Computer and Internet services needs Rs3500 per month to break even (Rs3:50 per person per month) URDIP, Pune, Oct03 17 The Business Model n-Logue Services LSP-1 Kiosk LSP-2 Kiosk Kiosk Villagers Kiosk LSP-3 Kiosk Revenues Application & Solution Providers Internet Backbone School/PHC Private Business Government Office Rural NGO Provides Training and Technical Support Handles Licensing and Policy issues Provides Internet Backbone Connectivity Enables Kiosk Services through Alliance Partners Creates Awareness ACCESS CENTRE Scope: 3000 sq km 400-600 connections (1 in each village) Local Service Partner Financing Markets Connections Provides Onsite Support and Training Manages Local Web & Email Services Manages Local Content Pages Provides Internet Access to Local Community Provides Awareness and Training Channels Information needs of Community through LSP to Application & Content Providers Internet Kiosk Operator A Suitably Positioned Kiosk Like this … URDIP, Pune, Oct03 Tamil Nadu 20 Or these… Maharashtra Rajasthan URDIP, Pune, Oct03 21 The Kiosk Owner Should have studied up to Class 12 Need have no prior computer Training Should be able to communicate to the people in the village URDIP, Pune, Oct03 22 A Kiosk Owner/Operator URDIP, Pune, Oct03 23 Kiosk: Bouquet of Services (beside telephony) A variety of Services and Applications, relevant to Rural people, need to be enabled No single service can stand on its own Education Livelihood Health Entertainment Communication E-Governance Learning typing Computer education Photography CD movies DTP work Email/voice & video mail E-Governance Video conferencing providing Telemedicine Vet Care E-learning E-Agriculture URDIP, Pune, Oct03 24 URDIP, Pune, Oct03 25 E-government services at a Village Net Banking From Central Website VILLAGE KIOSK Physical Dispersal Information Dissemination • Payment of • Municipal taxes • Electricity Bills • Bus Tickets • Purchase of Seeds / Fertilisers • Entrance and Exam Fees • Distribution of Application Forms • Information from Online Databases like • BPL lists • Electoral Lists, etc • Dispersal of • PDS coupons • Application forms for exams, etc • Text, Audio, Video formats of various Government / Public service Announcements • Video-conferencing between Collector and villagers • Physical Notice Board outside Kiosk on which Govt. Notices can be URDIP, Pune, Oct03pasted 26 The Dream Current Rural GDP in India = Rs 700,000 Crore For a Population = 700 million people GDP / Person = Rs 10000 per year Rural Prosperity DOUBLING per-capita Rural GDP Rs 20000 per person per year URDIP, Pune, Oct03 27 Rural Micro-Enterprises are the Wealth Creators Micro-enterprises need Finance Knowledge and Training Buying & Selling Insurance Can Communications Enable these ? Agriculture Trade & Commerce Animal Husbandry IT-Based Services Agricultural Processing Industry URDIP, Pune, Oct03 28 Operations Project Summary & Plans State Live Active Total TN 7 3 10 Maharashtra Gujarat Others Totals 6 1 5 19 8 15 1 27 14 16 6 46 Projected Breakup of Kiosks Plans 78 Projects by March 2004 Maharashtra: 30 TN: 25 Gujrat: 16 Others: 7 125 kiosk/project 800 3000 3500 2500 10000 kiosks by Jul-Sep 2004 TN URDIP, Pune, Oct03 Gujarat Maharashtra 29 Others Technologies & people behind n-Logue Technologies in Use corDECT WiLL Midas will enable 100/200 dedicated and 2 Mbps shared connection next year RAS & Router Minnow ISP in a box Billing System Network Management Banyan Nilgiri Nilgiri NMSWorks TeNeT Alacrity CK Chirag voice/video mail Power back-up Indian Language Office package URDIP, Pune, Oct03 31 corDECT Wireless in Local Loop IITM - Midas To PSTN To Internet 35/70 kbps dedicated Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone URDIP, Pune, Oct03 100/200 kbps dedicated & 2Mbps shared connection in near future Price target: Rs 5000 to Rs 7500 per line 802.16 in future 32 Office package in Indian Languages IITM - Chennai Kavigal IITM-NMSWorks Network Management System A must with distributed deployment of Intelligent nodes Convergence of Telecom and Internet management Manage traffic, subscribers, subscriber equipment and network health from management centers IITM-Nilgiri Networks Rural communications software developed in a rural setting BlueBill: real-time billing for voice, Internet and applications Minnow: ISP Data Centre on redundant Linux/PCs Major New Initiatives Multi-party multi-rate video conferencing OOPS Live Lecture OOPS Rural ATM Machine Vortex Finger print detection Medical Diagnostic kit LCD projection system Web Terminal MeTeL Entertainment Terminal Rural Banking SW On-line eye-testing Sparse Area Comm System HP-IITM NeuroSynaptic TeNeT Midas TeNeT TeNeT HP-IITM TeNeT TeNeT faculty and 10 companies incubated by it (1000 engineers) working to make the dream true URDIP, Pune, Oct03 35 Low bit-rate multi-party Video Conferencing (audio + video + chat at 20 kbps onwards) On-line lecturing at low bit-rates URDIP, Pune, Oct03 IITM - OOPS 36 Financial Services with ICICI Bank IITM-Vortex Kiosk operators to have Credit cards Collect cash from villager and pay online Govt. payments, Telephone bills Kiosk operator to be an agent for agri-crop loans Rural Insurance, Health and Crop Rural low cost ATMs at kiosks Works along with the PC already existing Breakthrough pricing envisaged of Rs30000 URDIP, Pune, Oct03 37 VITAL centres : Next 3 months IITM - NeuroSynaptic Village Internet Test and Analysis laboratory Upgrade the internet kiosk for basic “non invasive” medical tests ECG (Sensors connected to the monitor) Stethoscope (plugged into the sound card) Pressure ( Digital BP meters ) Temperature Eyes ( Charts and Color blindness) Weight ( Regular weighing scale) Upgrade PHC with Internet connectivity For Blood testing (over and above VITAL equipment) Sugar and AIDS Most of this equipment would be sourced at under Rs10000 URDIP, Pune, Oct03 38 IITM - ISRO Sparse Area Communications where there is no fibre backbone 3.8 m antenna 2.4 m antenna 15 -25 Kms with 50 connections PSTN • 8-10 voice channels + 64/128 kbps Internet satellite backhaul Internet • Each hub supports 16 to 20 remote sites with 2 Mbps download • Rs 8000 corDECT + Rs10000 backhaul cost per connection URDIP, Pune, Oct03 39 Summary Internet is Power every village need to be connected at the earliest IIT Madras and n-Logue have a workable business model to revolutionize rural India Excellent goodwill Strong support from State and Central Governments But the challenge is to make this happen in scale To expand the footprint from 1 million to 10 million people from 1000 connections in 20 district to 10000 connections in 75 district in next 9 months and then to 700 million and simultaneously drive the rural economy to double per capita rural GDP URDIP, Pune, Oct03 40 To Sum Up ICT can reach everyone provided there is a big enough Vision behind it Dream of Doubling per capita Rural GDP Finance, Commerce, Training & Information are key Driving Education, Health and Entrepreneurship is the means Wireless Internet with fibre backhaul can enable these Sparse Areas will require special technologies & efforts Large number of innovative technologies and applications need to be developed catering specifically to Rural areas URDIP, Pune, Oct03 41 URDIP, Pune, Oct03 42