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Bringing the Net Effect to 700 million Rural Indians Driving the Digital Revolution towards rural prosperity Prof. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, Chennai [email protected] Rural Magic !! The next few slides have truly “magically” effected the lives of people in villages . All these are true stories Palaniammal’s eyes… A 60 year old from a village near Melur Photographs by an ordinary web camera: Remote feedback given by Aravind Eye hospital Agricultural Consultancy An Okra crop saved Top: Diseased with yellow mosaic Below : Post treatment Saving of Rs 140,000 ($2800) for the farmers Cost of information Rs 20 ($0.40) Built huge trust in the system TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 4 The Vet is on the Net ... •This goat had a wound near its mouth and could not eat for a week • The advice from the doctor cured its problem in 2 days Remote Cardiac care TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 6 The Power of Visual Communication Meeting : The PowerinUlaganathapuram of Visual Communication A DoctorNet in Madurai talking to patients TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 7 Empowerment of People- Attapatti TeNeT Group, IITM Veeramani, a man with disabilities, used to operate the pump for the Village Overhead Tank The Village Head removed from his job and gave the post to one of his relatives Through the kiosk, he sent an email petition to the Chief Minister’s Cell, attaching a photograph of himself He got his job back ! Wireless India, Oct03 8 In essence Information and access to information leads to a significant increase in the quality of life People pay for improvements in quality of life This makes it a sustainable option TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 9 How does one connect Rural India? India has 600,000+ villages 700 million people (under 1000 people per village) Can Rural India afford Connections? Needs Technology Sustainable Business Model Organisation which thinks and acts Rural TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 10 Innovative Technology to connect Rural India BSNL has fibre connectivity to most Talukas (county hq) CorDECT WLL developed at IITM provides a telephone line and Internet connection in a 30 Km radius can connect 85% of Indian villages start-up costs very low To PSTN To Internet 35/70 kbps Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone • $ 150 - 200 per line price •1 million lines being deployed TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 11 Use Local Entrepreneurs to drive ICT Entrepreneur-driven operator assisted telephone booths (STD PCOs) introduced in 1987 Number of HH in millions 120 Today in urban areas: 135 million rural households 102.1 100 80 60 40 17 20 10 3.9 1.9 1 0.3 0.3 360 520 840 1300 2240 0 60 180 260 Lesson for Rural: HH Incom e in $ per m onth Aid/ Grant does not scale 950,000 such PCOs covering every street of smallest town generate 25 % of total telecom income 300 million people use these PCOs To serve Rural people with incomes less than $ 1/day, aggregate demand and let Entrepreneurs drive it Successful Enterprises can scale to all villages TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 12 Innovative Business Models n-Logue : A Rural Service Provider aggregate demand into a kiosk $1000 (including taxes) per Kiosk providing telephone, Internet, multimedia PC with web-camera, printer and power back-up for PC plus Indian language software, video conferencing software, training and maintenance set up by a village entrepreneur on the lines of urban PCOs provides telephone, stand-alone Computer and Internet services needs $70 per month to break even (7cents per person per month) TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 13 The Business Model n-Logue Services LSP-1 Kiosk LSP-2 Kiosk Kiosk Villagers Kiosk LSP-3 Kiosk Revenues Application & Solution Providers Internet Backbone School/PHC Private Business Government Office Rural NGO Provides Training and Technical Support Handles Licensing and Policy issues Provides Internet Backbone Connectivity Enables Kiosk Services through Alliance Partners Creates Awareness ACCESS CENTRE Scope: 3000 sq km 400-600 connections (1 in each village) Local Service Partner Financing Markets Connections Provides Onsite Support and Training Manages Local Web & Email Services Manages Local Content Pages Provides Internet Access to Local Community Provides Awareness and Training Channels Information needs of Community through LSP to Application & Content Providers Internet Kiosk Operator A Suitably Positioned Kiosk Like this … TeNeT Group, IITM Tamil Nadu Wireless India, Oct03 16 Or these… Maharashtra Rajasthan TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 17 A Kiosk Owner/Operator TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 18 The Kiosk Owner Should have studied up to Class 12 Need have no prior computer Training Should be able to communicate to the people in the village TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 19 Kiosk: Bouquet of Services (beside telephony) A variety of Services and Applications, relevant to Rural people, need to be enabled No single service can stand on its own Education Livelihood Health Entertainment Communication E-Governance TeNeT Group, IITM PC based services Computer education CD movies DTP work Photography Internet based services E-Governance Telemedicine E-learning E-Agriculture using Video conferencing Wireless India, Oct03 20 At the Village Net Banking From Central Website VILLAGE KIOSK Physical Dispersal Information Dissemination • Payment of • Municipal taxes • Electricity Bills • Bus Tickets • Purchase of Seeds / Fertilisers • Entrance and Exam Fees • Distribution of Application Forms • Information from Online Databases like • BPL lists • Electoral Lists, etc • Dispersal of • PDS coupons • Application forms for exams, etc • Text, Audio, Video formats of various Government / Public service Announcements • Video-conferencing between Collector and villagers • Physical Notice Board outside Kiosk on which Govt. Notices can be TeNeT Group, IITM pasted Wireless India, Oct03 21 The Dream Current Rural GDP in India = $ 140 billion For a Population = 700 million people GDP / Person = $ 200 per year Rural Prosperity DOUBLING per-capita Rural GDP $400 per person per year TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 22 Rural Micro-Enterprises are the Wealth Creators Micro-enterprises need Finance Knowledge and Training Buying & Selling Insurance Can Communications Enable these ? Agriculture Trade & Commerce Animal Husbandry IT-Based Services Agricultural Processing Industry TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 23 Technologies & people behind n-Logue Technologies in Use corDECT WiLL Midas will enable 100/200 dedicated and 2 Mbps shared connection next year RAS & Router Minnow ISP in a box Billing System Network Management Banyan Nilgiri Nilgiri NMSWorks TeNeT Alacrity CK Chirag voice/video mail Power back-up Indian Language Office package TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 25 corDECT Wireless in Local Loop IITM - Midas To PSTN To Internet 35/70 kbps dedicated Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone TeNeT Group, IITM 100/200 kbps dedicated & 2Mbps shared connection in near future Price target: $ 100 to $ 150 per line Wireless India, Oct03 26 IITM-NMSWorks Network Management System A must with distributed deployment of Intelligent nodes IITM - OOPS Video Conferencing on Internet Low bit-rate multi-party Video Conferencing (audio + video + chat at 20 kbps onwards) Convergence of Telecom and Internet management Manage traffic, subscribers, subscriber equipment and network health from management centers On-line lecturing at low bitrates Video Mail Office package in Indian Languages IITM - Chennai Kavigal Major New Initiatives Multi-party multi-rate video conferencing Live Lecture OOPS Rural ATM Machine Vortex OOPS Finger print detection HP-IITM Medical Diagnostic kit LCD projection system Web Terminal MeTeL NeuroSynaptic TeNeT Midas Entertainment Terminal TeNeT Rural Banking SW On-line eye-testing Sparse Area Comm System TeNeT HP-IITM TeNeT TeNeT faculty and 10 companies incubated by it (1000 engineers) working to make the dream true TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 29 VITAL centres : Next 3 months IITM - NeuroSynaptic Village Internet Test and Analysis laboratory Upgrade the internet kiosk for basic “non invasive” medical tests ECG (Sensors connected to the monitor) Stethoscope (plugged into the sound card) Pressure ( Digital BP meters ) Temperature Eyes ( Charts and Color blindness) Weight ( Regular weighing scale) Upgrade PHC with Internet connectivity For Blood testing (over and above VITAL equipment) Sugar and AIDS Most of this equipment would be sourced at under $200 TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 30 Financial Services with ICICI Bank IITM-Vortex Kiosk operators to have Credit cards Collect cash from villager and pay online Govt. payments, Telephone bills Kiosk operator to be an agent for agri-crop loans Rural Insurance, Health and Crop Rural low cost ATMs at kiosks Works along with the PC already existing Breakthrough pricing envisaged of $600 TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 31 Sparse Area Communications IITM - ISRO where there is no fibre backbone 3.8 m antenna 2.4 m antenna 15 -25 Kms with 50 connections PSTN • 8-10 voice channels + 64/128 kbps Internet satellite backhaul Internet • Each hub supports 16 to 20 remote sites with 2 Mbps download • $150 corDECT + $200 backhaul cost per connection TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 32 Summary Internet is Power IIT Madras and n-Logue have a workable business model to revolutionize rural India every village need to be connected at the earliest Excellent goodwill Strong support from State and Central Governments But the challenge is to make this happen in scale To expand the footprint from 1 million to 10 million people from 1000 connections in 20 district to 10000 connections in 75 district in next 9 months and then to 700 million and simultaneously drive the rural economy to double per capita rural GDP TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 33 To Sum Up ICT can reach everyone provided there is a big enough Vision behind it Dream of Doubling per capita Rural GDP Finance, Commerce, Training & Information are key Driving Education, Health and Entrepreneurship is the means Wireless Internet with fibre backhaul can enable these Sparse Areas will require special technologies & efforts Large number of innovative technologies and applications need to be developed catering specifically to Rural areas TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 34 TeNeT Group, IITM Wireless India, Oct03 35