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Bringing the Net Effect
to 700 million Rural Indians
Let us Integrate rural India into
mainstream economy
Prof. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, Chennai
[email protected]
Rural Magic !!
The next few slides are true stories which have
“magically” impacted the lives of people in villages
Palaniammal’s eyes…
 A 60
year old from a village near Melur
Photographs by an ordinary web camera:
Remote feedback given by Aravind Eye hospital
Agricultural Consultancy

An Okra crop saved


Top: Diseased with yellow
mosaic
Below : Post treatment

Saving of Rs 140,000 for the
farmers
Cost of information Rs 20

Built huge trust in the system

URDIP, Pune, Oct03
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The Vet is on the Net ...
•This goat had a wound
near its mouth and could
not eat for a week
• The advice from the
doctor cured its problem
in 2 days
Remote Cardiac care
URDIP, Pune, Oct03
6
The Power of Visual
Communication
Meeting
: The
PowerinofUlaganathapuram
Visual Communication
A DoctorNet
in Madurai
talking
to patients
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Emergencies are no longer Calamities …
In the village of T
Ulgapitchanpatti,
all
hens are dying one by
one. The symptoms for
these hens are: First,
their weight reduces
and finally, their necks
shrink. At this stage
they die immediately.
Until now, 300 hens
have died in this way.
How do we stop this?
Please
give
us
a
solution immediately.
From A. Sakkarai"
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… because Help is at Hand

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A visit from the
Government
Veterinary
Officials to
vaccinate all hens
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Epidemics can be prevented with a
Doctor on Call

A potential epidemic of Chicken Pox was halted by a
simple email to the right people
 Instant response from the Government Doctors
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Empowerment of People- Attapatti




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Veeramani, a man with disabilities,
used to operate the pump for the
Village Overhead Tank
The Village Head removed him from
his job and gave the post to one of his
relatives
Through the kiosk, he sent an email
petition to the Chief Minister’s Cell,
attaching his photograph
He got his job back !
11
Inter Village Singing Competition
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In essence

Information and access to information leads to a
significant increase in the quality of life
 People pay for improvements in quality of life
 This makes it a sustainable option
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How does one
connect Rural India?

India has 600,000+ villages
 700 million people
(under 1000 people per village)


Can Rural India afford Connections?
Needs



Technology
Sustainable Business Model
Organisation which thinks and acts Rural
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Innovative Technology to connect Rural
India

BSNL has fibre connectivity to most Talukas (county hq)

CorDECT WLL developed at IITM
 provides a telephone line and Internet connection in a 30 Km radius
 can connect 85% of Indian villages
 start-up costs very low

To PSTN
To Internet
35/70 kbps Always-on Internet
plus simultaneous telephone
• Rs 7500 - 10000 per line price
•1 million lines being deployed
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Use Local Entrepreneurs to drive
ICT

Entrepreneur-driven operator assisted telephone booths
(STD PCOs) introduced in 1987


120
Number of HH in millions
Today in urban areas:
102.1
135 million rural households
100

80
60

40
17
20
10
3.9
1.9
1
0.3
0.3
18
26
42
65
112
0
3
9
13
HH Incom e in thousand Rs/m onth


950,000 such PCOs covering every
street of smallest town
generate 25 % of total telecom
income
300 million people use these PCOs
Lesson for Rural:

To serve Rural people with incomes
less than $ 1/day, aggregate
demand and let Entrepreneurs
drive it
Aid/ Grant does not scale

Successful Enterprises can scale to all villages
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Innovative Business Models

n-Logue : A Rural Service Provider

aggregate demand into a kiosk

Rs 50000 per Kiosk providing telephone, Internet, multimedia PC
with web-camera, printer and power back-up for PC
 plus Indian language software, video conferencing software, training and
maintenance

set up by a village entrepreneur on the lines of urban PCOs
 provides telephone, stand-alone Computer and Internet services
 needs Rs3500 per month to break even (Rs3:50 per person per
month)
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The Business Model
n-Logue
Services
LSP-1
Kiosk
LSP-2
Kiosk
Kiosk
Villagers
Kiosk
LSP-3
Kiosk
Revenues
Application &
Solution
Providers





Internet Backbone




School/PHC
Private Business
Government Office
Rural NGO
Provides Training and Technical Support
Handles Licensing and Policy issues
Provides Internet Backbone Connectivity
Enables Kiosk Services through Alliance Partners
Creates Awareness




ACCESS
CENTRE
Scope:
3000 sq km
400-600 connections
(1 in each village)
Local Service Partner



Financing
Markets Connections
Provides Onsite Support and Training
Manages Local Web & Email Services
Manages Local Content Pages
Provides Internet Access to Local Community
Provides Awareness and Training
Channels Information needs of Community through
LSP to Application & Content Providers
Internet Kiosk Operator
A Suitably Positioned Kiosk
Like this …
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Tamil Nadu
20
Or these…
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
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The Kiosk Owner
Should have studied up
to Class 12
 Need have no prior
computer Training
 Should be able to
communicate to the
people in the village

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A Kiosk Owner/Operator
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Kiosk: Bouquet of Services (beside
telephony)

A variety of Services and Applications, relevant to
Rural people, need to be enabled
 No single service can stand on its own






Education
Livelihood
Health
Entertainment
Communication
E-Governance
Learning typing
Computer education
Photography
CD movies
DTP work
Email/voice & video mail
E-Governance
Video conferencing providing
Telemedicine
Vet Care
E-learning
E-Agriculture
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E-government
services at a Village
Net Banking
From Central
Website
VILLAGE
KIOSK
Physical
Dispersal
Information
Dissemination
• Payment of
• Municipal taxes
• Electricity Bills
• Bus Tickets
• Purchase of Seeds / Fertilisers
• Entrance and Exam Fees
• Distribution of Application
Forms
• Information from Online
Databases like
• BPL lists
• Electoral Lists, etc
• Dispersal of
• PDS coupons
• Application forms for exams, etc
• Text, Audio, Video formats of various Government / Public service
Announcements
• Video-conferencing between Collector and villagers
• Physical Notice Board outside Kiosk on which Govt. Notices can be
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The Dream
Current Rural GDP in India = Rs 700,000 Crore
For a Population
= 700 million people
GDP / Person
= Rs 10000 per year
Rural Prosperity
DOUBLING per-capita Rural GDP
Rs 20000 per person per year
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Rural Micro-Enterprises are the Wealth
Creators

Micro-enterprises need
 Finance
 Knowledge and Training
 Buying & Selling
 Insurance

Can Communications
Enable these ?
Agriculture
Trade &
Commerce
Animal
Husbandry
IT-Based
Services
Agricultural
Processing
Industry
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Operations
Project Summary & Plans
State
Live
Active
Total
TN
7
3
10
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Others
Totals
6
1
5
19
8
15
1
27
14
16
6
46
Projected Breakup of Kiosks

Plans


78 Projects by March 2004

Maharashtra: 30




TN: 25
Gujrat: 16
Others: 7
125 kiosk/project
800
3000
3500
2500
10000 kiosks by Jul-Sep 2004
TN
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Gujarat
Maharashtra
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Others
Technologies & people
behind n-Logue
Technologies in Use

corDECT WiLL
Midas
 will enable 100/200 dedicated and
2 Mbps shared connection next year
RAS & Router
 Minnow ISP in a box
 Billing System
 Network Management
Banyan
Nilgiri
Nilgiri
NMSWorks

TeNeT
Alacrity
CK

Chirag voice/video mail
 Power back-up
 Indian Language Office package
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corDECT Wireless in Local Loop
IITM - Midas

To PSTN
To Internet

35/70 kbps dedicated Always-on
Internet plus simultaneous telephone



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100/200 kbps dedicated & 2Mbps
shared connection in near future
Price target: Rs 5000 to Rs 7500 per line
802.16 in future
32
Office package in Indian Languages
IITM - Chennai Kavigal
IITM-NMSWorks
Network Management System

A must with distributed deployment
of Intelligent nodes

Convergence of Telecom and
Internet management

Manage traffic, subscribers,
subscriber equipment and
network health from
management centers
IITM-Nilgiri Networks
Rural communications software
developed in a rural setting
BlueBill: real-time billing for voice,
Internet and applications
Minnow: ISP Data Centre on redundant
Linux/PCs
Major New Initiatives

Multi-party multi-rate video conferencing OOPS
Live Lecture
OOPS
Rural ATM Machine
Vortex



Finger print detection

Medical Diagnostic kit
 LCD projection system
 Web Terminal MeTeL

Entertainment Terminal

Rural Banking SW
 On-line eye-testing
 Sparse Area Comm System
HP-IITM
NeuroSynaptic
TeNeT
Midas
TeNeT
TeNeT
HP-IITM
TeNeT
TeNeT faculty and 10 companies incubated by it (1000
engineers) working to make the dream true
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Low bit-rate multi-party Video
Conferencing (audio + video + chat at 20 kbps onwards)
On-line lecturing at low bit-rates
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IITM - OOPS
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Financial Services with ICICI Bank IITM-Vortex

Kiosk operators to have Credit cards

Collect cash from villager and pay online
 Govt. payments, Telephone bills

Kiosk operator to be an agent for
 agri-crop loans
 Rural Insurance, Health and Crop

Rural low cost ATMs at kiosks
 Works along with the PC already existing
 Breakthrough pricing envisaged of Rs30000
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VITAL centres : Next 3 months IITM - NeuroSynaptic

Village Internet Test and Analysis laboratory
 Upgrade the internet kiosk for basic “non invasive” medical tests







ECG (Sensors connected to the monitor)
Stethoscope (plugged into the sound card)
Pressure ( Digital BP meters )
Temperature
Eyes ( Charts and Color blindness)
Weight ( Regular weighing scale)
Upgrade PHC with Internet connectivity
 For Blood testing (over and above VITAL equipment)
 Sugar and AIDS
Most of this equipment would be sourced at under Rs10000
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IITM - ISRO
Sparse Area Communications
where there is no fibre backbone


3.8 m antenna
2.4 m antenna
15 -25 Kms with 50 connections
PSTN
• 8-10 voice channels + 64/128 kbps Internet satellite backhaul
Internet
• Each hub supports 16 to 20 remote sites with 2 Mbps download
• Rs 8000 corDECT + Rs10000 backhaul cost per connection
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Summary



Internet is Power
 every village need to be connected at the earliest
IIT Madras and n-Logue have a workable business model to
revolutionize rural India
 Excellent goodwill
 Strong support from State and Central Governments
But the challenge is to make this happen in scale

To expand the footprint from 1 million to 10 million people
 from 1000 connections in 20 district to 10000 connections in 75
district in next 9 months

and then to 700 million

and simultaneously drive the rural economy to double per capita
rural GDP
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To Sum Up

ICT can reach everyone provided there is a big
enough Vision behind it

Dream of Doubling per capita Rural GDP
 Finance, Commerce, Training &
Information are key
 Driving Education, Health and
Entrepreneurship is the means
 Wireless Internet with fibre backhaul can
enable these
 Sparse Areas will require special
technologies & efforts
 Large number of innovative technologies
and applications need to be developed
catering specifically to Rural areas
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