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Office of The National Economic and Social Development Board ACMECS and Thailand Dr. Porametee Vimolsiri Senior Advisor Workshop on Investment, Trade and Transport Facilitation in ACMECS Outline • Overview of ACMECS • Priority Areas : Existing Condition & Constraints - Trade & Investment - Transport • How to overcome? - Role of Thailand ACMECS Myanmar Lao PDR Thailand Andaman sea Vietnam Cambodia Siam Gulf South China Sea Members : Cambodia LaoPDR Myanmar Thailand and Viet Nam Population : 213 mil. Areas : 1.94 mil. Kms2 Total GDP : 225,110 mil. USD Established since 2003 Initiated and Drived by member countries Rationale : Why We need ACMECS? Korea Afghanistan China Pakistan India Japan Bangladesh Myanmar Laos Thailand Vietnam Cambodia Philippines Sri Lanka Malaysia Brunei Singapore Indonesia Existing Forum --- GMS/BIMSTEC/IMT-GT/JDS 15 Year of Cooperation : Much Progress on Transport ; Software for Trade and Investment are in Process Competitiveness Connectivity Connectivity Competitiveness - Trade Facilitation/ Trade Logistics Community Private Participation - Development Partners Social + Global - Infrastructure Utilization - Economic Corridors - ACMECS (Sister Cities) - Cross-border Transport Agreement - Single Stop Inspection Software Development Hardware Development GMS Master Plan Formulation 1992 1993 - Road Network Connectivity - Power Grid Line 1994 1995 1996 1997 2001 2002 2005 2012 Imbalance of Economic and Social Development GMS Country Poverty Incidence* (%) Gini Coefficient** 1992 2004 1992 2004 39 36 0.37 0.45 23.8 7.9 0.31 0.35 43 32.7 0.29 0.37 MYANMAR N/A 22.9 THAILAND 23.2 9.8 0.54 0.5 58.1 28.9 0.18 0.2 CAMBODIA PRC LAOPDR VIET NAM * Based on National Poverty Line N/A N/A ** Measures Degree to Which an Economy’s Income Distribution Diverges from Perfect Equal Distribution GDP Per Capita (PPP) Y2005 1993 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 394 400 332 326 300 296 200 0 Thailand Yunnan PRC Viet Nam Lao PDR Myanmar Cambodia Underutilization of ACMECS Core Value Important development Agenda GMS -- Connectivity Competitiveness Community ACMECS – BIMSTEC -New Emerging Economies Poverty Eradication Anti Terrorism Co-Production, Sister Cities JDS – Stability &Security IMT-GT –Avail Influenza Energy Tsunami Earthquake Security Development Strategy of ACMECS PRC Myanmar Chiang Rai Mukdahan Savannakhet MaeSodMyawaddy Danang Yangon Andaman Sea Develop Sister Cities as a production bases Lao PDR BKK. Cambodia Vietnam NSEC SEC Trad- Koh Kong Hochiminh City Gulf of Thailand EWEC Co-Production Concept MYAMAR City SMEs by Industrial Clusters Border Line Road Link Checkpoint SMEs by Industrial Clusters THAI City Border Market Economic Zone ACMECS : Goals & Benefits Bridge the economic gap among the four countries and Promote prosperity in the sub-region in a sustainable manner. Transform the border areas of the five countries into zones of economic growth, social progress and prosperity, and to blend local, national and regional interests for common benefits, shared prosperity, enhanced solidarity, peace, stability and good neighborliness. Act as a catalyst to build upon existing regional cooperation programs, and complement bilateral frameworks, and move ASEAN forward Trade and Investment Trade Opportunity: Intra-GMS Likewise, tremendous potential for intra-GMS trade has been shown during the past decade. MYA THA LAO CAM VIE PRCyn Population (million) 54.4 64.2 5.8 13.1 82.1 44.2 GDP per Capita (Current, $) 176 2,544 406 348 500 681 1990s % Intra-GMS trade to total trade 2004 Note: Population and GDP per capita in 2004 Source: ADB 1. Cost of Starting/Doing Business • Doing business in the GMS takes more time and resources on the average compared to other countries in the region (56-198 Days Vs 52 days) • Lack of Sufficient/Standard Information • Difficulties in Finding Focal Point and Partners 2. Regulatory Impediments Legal and regulatory framework for trade is largely primitive or restrictive in most ACMECS countries Difference in Level of Development among countries leads to the protection of domestic market A number of quantitative restrictions, such as import licensing, and other non-tariff measures still exist Non- Tariff Barriers (NTBs) 2. Regulatory Impediments (2) Inter-country and intra-country differences in rules and procedures i.e. Customs Inherent weaknesses in the system of recording &monitoring border trade, including transit trade. Phenomenon Expansion of Informal Trade Inconsistency in Implementation of laws & regulations (National-wide and Regional-wide) Transparency of the Procedures 3. Trade Logistics Inefficient multimodal transport infrastructure Ineffective logistic system i.e. competitive carriers and service providers; competent transport intermediaries; and fast, efficient, and transparent cross-border procedures Relatively High Cost Less Competitiveness in Global Value Chain 4. Institutions/Private Sector institutions and organizations dealing with and supporting business remain underdeveloped. Financial institutions often have very restricted lending practices to private businesses. Educational and technical support institutions are understaffed, ill equipped, and unable to meet the demands of modern industry. Business associations are relatively weak. Less Competitiveness in Global Value Chain/Network Insufficient Capacity Building for Private Sector Transport Road Transport Network 2005 2015 Key Issues and Challenges • Equitable sharing of benefits and costs of regional projects • Financing of needed infrastructure investments • Structuring public-private partnerships • Managing risks i.e. currency, investment risks, socio-economic impact of the project • Sustainable development in transport i.e. maintenance, capacity building, etc. How to Achieve ? Thailand’s Role in ACMECS As an Active Member Initiate ACMECS; Build Network with Development Partners; Act as Virtual Secretariat; Create Efficient Mechanism for Cooperation i.e. AWG; Border Committee As a Development Partners Provide Technical Assistances through TICA; Financial Assistances through NEDA; Implement Various Projects under Plan of Actions As a Business Supporter Create ACMECS Business Council; Create Favorable Business Environment through Various Development Projects; Simplified Complicate Business Process and Lower Logistics Cost. Economic Activities Along the Corridors Myanmar Yangon Lao PDR. Thailand Chiang Rai SBEZ Vietnam Sea Port 10,000-15,000DWT Mukdahan Savan-Seno Khon Kaen Tak SBEZ Logistics Center/IE Mawlamying Distribution Center SEZ Dansavan Lao Bao SEZ (World Heritage) Pitsanulok Dong Ha Logistics Center Bangkok Hue Da Nang (Tourism) Deep Sea Port 35,000 DWT and Dung Quat IE Aranyaprathet Poipet Ho Chi Minh Phnom Penh Trad Koh Kong กัมพูชา Malaysia Kota-Perdana Vung Tao Deep Sea Port Thailand’s Assistances to Neighboring Countries Kunming Myanmar 16 Projects Total 7,792 mil. baht 7 14 Yangon 13 12 Dawei Construction & Improvement of Roads, Bridges, Railways, Airports and Local Ports PRC 1 2 5 4 LaoPRC. Thailand 3 8 9 Danang 10 Trat 11 6 Cambodia Viet Nam Vung Tau Joint Utilization of Airport Savannakhet - Mukdahan Flagship Initiatives: Cross-border Transport Agreement Single Stop Inspection The Negotiation of All Annexes& Protocols has been finalized and Signed by March 2007, waiting for the ratification from countries. After ratification, full implementation of CBTA has scheduled in 2008 First Step Second Step One Stop Service For CBTA in Thailand First step : Mukdahan, Aranyaprathet , Mae Sai, Mae Sot Second Step : Nong Khai, Chiang Kong, Chong Mek and Trat Thailand can Provide Assistance in Customs &Cross Broder Management to CLMV Industrial Estate and Economic Zone under ACMECS Thialand’s Border Economic Zone 1.Tak SBEZ 2.Chiang Rai SBEZ Industrial Estate Establishment Thailand provide assistance to Myanmar LaoPDR and Cambodia Savan Xeno SBEZ Chiang Rai SBEZ Mae Sot SBEZ and IE in Myawaddy Pa-an Mawlamyine and Maw Taung Koh Kong Industrial Estate Existing Thailand’s SBEZ and IEAT’s projects in CLM Countries Other Attempts to Support ACMECS Agriculture Single VISA Facilitation of Import & MOU of Contract Farming; R&D on field crops,livestocks, SPS Tech Transfer Thailand and Cambodia as a Pilot Project; Details had finalized, will signed MOU in 2007 Trading OSS at 10 Checkpoints in THA; Study of Wholesales Market & Distribution Centers in Cambodia; Providing AISP for CLMV products Use of Local Currencies BOT’s Study finished.Implementing pilot projects at Commercial Banks at Thai-Lao borders. Energy Security Capacity Building Community Regional Power Grids, Alternatives Energy i.e. Biofules,Biomass,Hydropower Scholarship provided by Thailand and VN for Vocational Trainings and Other Areas Implementing Sister Cities; Coordination Mechanisms Established at the Local Level ACMECS Business Council at Local Level ACMECS Midterm Review (Cebu, January 2007) 1 Approved New Version of Plan of Actions and Promote Networking with Development Partners on resources mobilization 2 Expedite Investment to Complete ACMECS Transportation Network and software to facilitate movement of goods, people, and tourism 3 Closer Relationship among Stakeholders i.e. Sister Cities, Central local government, Government & Private, People to People 4 Priority Issues i.e. Contract Farming, Establishment of Rice Producing Countries Association, Alternative Energy i.e. NGV, Hydropower and Biofules, Public Health Thank you www.nesdb.go.th