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Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the Caribbean – Natural and Man Made Disasters Elizabeth Riley Deputy Executive Director Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency Via videoconference April 22, 2013 Presentation Overview CDEMA Non-Traditional Security issues in Caribbean SIDS CARICOM Regional Crime and Security Strategy Actions Taken Way Forward 2 What is CDEMA? Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA - formally CDERA) is the regional inter-governmental Agency responsible for disaster management in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) CDERA established in 1991 by an Agreement of Heads of Government of CARICOM September 1, 2009 – official date of transition from CDERA to CDEMA 18 Participating States – Haiti and Suriname joined September 1, 2009 3 CDEMA Participating States 4 Special Security Considerations of Caribbean SIDS - Definitions Environmental Security – Those environmental problems or challenges which may create or add instability in a geopolitical region Caribbean Context Environmental security non-traditional but not new in the Caribbean A component of the larger regional security challenge – lessons to be learnt Vulnerability of small states of the Caribbean Variations in magnitude and timeframe Security areas addressed Instability caused by Natural systems Man made interventions Accidental Intentional Instability potentially caused by natural systems Natural Hazards Caribbean region is very prone to natural (and man-made) hazards Implications of Climate variability & change Amplification of hydro meteorological hazards – intensity & extremes Amplification of vulnerability – economic, social and environmental Uncertainty … Natural Hazards of Concern in the Caribbean Level Regional Natural Hazards in Focus Source Phenomena Hydrometeorological Hurricanes Wind Storms Storm surges Floods Seismic & Geological Volcanic activity Earthquakes Mass movements Tsunamis Biological Epidemics Pandemics 9 Instability – potentially through Man-made interventions Accidental Oil spills Hazard materials eg. Nuclear transshipments Instability – Potentially through Man-made interventions Intentional Acts of Terror Biological weapons Chemical agents Use of explosive devices 2011-2012 EVENTS IN CDEMA PS Drought Aircraft crashes Landslides Volcanic Eruption Tropical Storms and Hurricanes Earthquake Fires Tsunami (scare) Selected Hazard Impacts in the Caribbean TIME PLACE DISASTER IMPACT 1988 1989 Jamaica 5 countries Hurricane Gilbert 65% GDP Hurricane Hugo US$412 M 1999 Dominica Hurricane Lenny 53% GDP 2004 2004 2004 Haiti & DR Grenada Jamaica Flooding Hurricane Ivan Hurricane Ivan 270 deaths US$895 M US$592 M 2005 Guyana Flooding 60% GDP 2010 Saint Lucia Hurricane Tomas 334M US$ Various sources: Collated by 13 CDEMA Hazard Impacts – Ivan 2004 14 CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy Adopted at the 24th Inter-Sessional Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of CARICOM, Haiti, February 2013 Goal – “To significantly improve citizen security by creating a safe, just and free Community and improving the economic viability of the Region” CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy Natural Disasters Categorized as Tier 2 Substantial Threats: These are both likely and high-impact Strategic Goal 13: Improve Resilience to Natural and Man-Made Disasters Strategic Goal 14: Promote Resilient Critical Infrastructure Management and Safety at Major Events Special Security Considerations of Caribbean SIDS - Characteristics Environmental security – transnational in character Several actors operating at national, regional and international levels Roles and functions to be managed in a comprehensive manner (Fergusson 2001) Requirements to address these challenges … Multi agency approach Incorporation of non-traditional actors Additional capacity Complex information sharing and communication landscape Implications for consequence management Issues examined in relation to disaster management Threat assessment Alert monitoring Strategic Approaches Harmonizing existing structures Application of technology to support decision making Management and organizational structures Link to the CDM CDM in Context Global and Regional Agendas: Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 CARICOM Regional Programming Framework 2005 – 2015 Caribbean Single Market and Economy St. George’s Declaration of Principles for Environmental Sustainability (Organization of Eastern Caribbean States) 5/23/2017 20 Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) – A space for engagement All phases • Prevention, preparedness, recovery • Mitigation & response Empowerment of partners All hazards & climate change • lead dissemination and • advocacy • Natural and • Man-made Strategic partner alliances eg. Disaster risk reduction • CTO • CHA • ACS • planning • policy Culture of safety 21 CDM Governance Structure CDM Coordination & Harmonization Council CDM Database Sub-Committee Council CDEMA Executive Director TAC CDM Monitoring, Evaluating & Reporting Sub-Committee Education Agriculture Tourism Civil Society Finance Health Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector CDM Strategy Summary Goal Regional Sustainable Development enhanced through Comprehensive Disaster Management Purpose To strengthen regional, national and community level capacity for the mitigation, management and coordinated response to natural and anthropological hazards, and the effects of climate change 5/23/2017 23 CDM Strategy and Results Framework GOAL Regional Sustainable Development through CDM PURPOSE ‘To strengthen regional, national and community level capacity for mitigation, management, and coordinated response to natural and technological hazards, and the effects of climate change. OUTCOME 1: OUTCOME 2: OUTCOME 3: OUTCOME 4: Enhanced institutional support for CDM Program implementation at national and regional levels An effective mechanism and programme for management of comprehensive disaster management knowledge has been established Disaster Risk Management has been mainstreamed at national levels and incorporated into key sectors of national economies Enhanced community resilience in CDEMA states/ territories to mitigate and respond to the adverse effects of climate change and disasters 5/23/2017 24 CDEMA Actions Country Focused Programming Deeper understanding of national context Priority needs identification driving support Creating an Enabling Environment for CDM Implementation CDM Legislation, Policy, Strategy Model Tools and Products 5/23/2017 25 CDEMA Actions Operational Readiness Regional Response Mechanism – Plan Development, review and exercising Role of Sub-Regional Focal Points Strategic Alliances and Partnerships MOU’s with CARICOM IMPACS and Regional Security System Capture value added of competitive niches Governance Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting 5/23/2017 26 Areas for consideration Overarching Context of Resilience is key Governance Arrangements to effect this Consolidation and strengthening of existing Mechanisms Engagement of non-traditional development actors – South-South Cooperation Inter-regional Partnerships (CEPREDENAC; CAPADRE; MERCOSUR) Hemispheric Humanitarian Initiatives Sharing of lessons