Download Four CPRs.: Crosscutting issues

Four CPRs.:
Crosscutting issues
Almaty, April 17, 2006
1. Trends towards market based HE
• Characterization of process and phases:
initial, centrally regulated market,
competitive market
• What dimensions are important:
– Private enrollment as % of total enrollment
(trend)
– Private funding as % of total funding
– Use of market type mechanisms to allocate
public funding
– Modalities and degree of market regulation
Privatization of HE: two dimensions
100
HOL
R+ E+
R- E+
90
80
COR
JAP
CHI
70
IND
60
BE
PAR
50
10
0
R+ EMEX
30
20
PER
R- E-
40
POR
POL
AR
NO
AUS
UR FI
AL
IR
GR DI
FR
SU
RC
Percentage of private enrollment
GB
0
20
HU
ES
IT
EE.UU.
NZ
AU
40
60
Percentage of private funding
80
100
2. Institutional structure of HE system
• Different categories of HE institutions
• Trends in categories of HEIs and number
• Degree of autonomy, self-governance, of
different categories of HEIs
• Problems, tensions, debates: 1 to 3
3. Organization of teaching
• Degree structure:
– ISCED 5A/6 and 5B
– Organization of 5A type of studies (Bologna
framework?)
– Use of learning credits
– Student mobility: horizontal and vertical
• Status of faculty: career pattern, age
structure, salaries
• Problems, tensions, debates: 1 to 3
4. HE outcomes and labor market
• What type of manpower planning (if at all)
• Availability of information about graduate’s initial
occupational career
– At the institutional level
– At the system and government level
• Availability of public information about
graduate’s initial occupational career
• Information availability about levels of
unemployment of individuals with HE degree
• Information availability of rates of return to
higher education investment
• Problems, tensions, debates: 1 to 3
5. Quality assurance issues
• Different modalities used
• Management of QA procedures:
centralized / decentralized; degree of
external evaluation / self-assessment
• Participation of stakeholders
• Impact of QA procedures on quality
• Use of results for policy and funding
purposes
• Problems, tensions, debates: 1 to 3
6. Research in HEIs
• National policy framework for R&D,
innovation
• HEIs participation in national research
output and funding
• Funding mechanisms used for academic
research: priorities, competitive funds,
output contracts
• Problems, tensions, debates: 1 to 3
7. Funding of HEIs
• Trends in HE funding
– Total (public + private) funding relative to GDP
– Public funding relative to GDP
– Public funding (percentage) according to
institutional functions: education, research,
investment, etc.
• Main funding instruments used: input or
outcome funding, centralized /
decentralized
• Problems, tensions, debates: 1 to 3
Funding instruments
8. Internationalization
• Is there a national policy for HE internationalization?
– Major thrust of national policy
• Major trends in internationalization at the HEIs level
– Is it part of institutions’ development strategy?
– Is there a professional body to manage the
internationalization process?
•
•
•
•
Student mobility: outgoing and incoming flows
Quality assurance: international framework?
Academic research: international cooperation?
Problems, tensions, debates: 1 to 3
International Benchmarking
Using KAM Methodology
Glossary
• KAM consists of 80 structural and qualitative variables to measure
countries' performance on the four Knowledge Economy (KE) pillars:
Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime, Education, Innovation,
and Information & Communications Technology. Each variable
is normalized on a scale of zero to ten relative to other countries in
the comparison group.
• Basic Scorecard uses fourteen key variables as proxies to
benchmark countries on the aforementioned four KE pillars and
derive their overall KEI.
• Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) takes into account whether the
environment is conducive for knowledge to be used effectively for
economic development. It is an aggregate index that represents the
overall level of development of a country or region towards the
Knowledge Economy. KEI is calculated based on the average of the
normalized performance scores of a country or region on all four
pillars related to the knowledge economy.
Basic Scorecard: Kazakhstan
Innovation variables are weighted by population
Basic Scorecard: Kyrgyz Rep.
Innovation variables are weighted by population
Basic Scorecard: Tajikistan
Innovation variables are weighted by population
Basic Scorecard: Uzbekistan
Innovation variables are weighted by population
KEI: comparison most recent and 1995