Download Chinese Context and the Monitoring and Evaluation

China’s National Effort in
Monitoring and Evaluation
Mei Wang
Senior Economist
The World Bank
January 2007, Hanoi
Country Context:
China has achieved spectacular
economic growth and social progress
1400
China's GDP (1980-2005)
35
1200
30
1000
25
800
20
600
15
Chart 1. Poverty Headcount Index
10
400
5
200
0
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2000
2003
2006
Country Context (cont’d)
Yet, the country now
faces a set of new
developmental
challenges after
decades of GDPcentered economic
growth, including a
steady increase in
income inequality.
50
Chart 2. Gini Index
45.3
41.1
40
30
20
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Country Context (cont’d)
The national
leaders realize that
it is imperative to
introduce
participation,
transparency and
accountability into
government work
to address the new
challenges.
China’s National Effort in M&E


Under its new 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-2010),
prepared with broad participation, China has for
the first time in its history established an M&E
framework with outcome indicators and targets.
It committed itself to conduct a mid-term review
of the Plan, which will be reported to the National
People’s Congress.
Illustration of the Output/Outcome Indicators of China's 11th Plan M&E Framework
Goals
Output/outco
me indicators
2005
Baseline
2010
Regularity of Data
Targets/ben Data Source
Collection
chmarks
Urbanization
ratio
43%
Promoting
urbanization No. of migrant
workers
converted into
urban resid.
47%
Pop. Census; Every 5 years
1% Pop.
Sample
Survey
Rural hhd Rural hhd survey:
survey and yearly; Agri.
agri. census Census: every 10
45,000,000
12,600,000
yrs.
Illustration of the Targets for China's 11th Five-Year Plan M&E Indicators
Indicators
Reduction of Energy Consumption per
Unit GDP（%）
Reduction of Water Consumption per
Unit Industrial Added Value（%）
Reduction of Total Major Pollutants
Emission Volume（%）
Forest Coverage（%）
Yr.
2005
Yr.
2010
Target: Annual
growth rate (%)
-
-
[20]
-
-
[30]
[10]
18.2
20
[1.8]
Population Covered by Basic Pension in
Urban Areas（billion people）
1.74
2.23
5.1
Coverage of the New Rural Cooperative
Healthcare System（%）
23.5
＞80
＞[56.5]
China’s National Effort in M&E
(cont’d)

A series of implementation measures were
introduced to provide incentives for
implementation.
– assigning responsible agencies
– dividing national targets into provincial ones
– establishing a public reporting system
Illustration of Provincial Assignment:
Reduction of Energy Consumption per Unit GDP
Region 2005 Baseline
2010 Target % of Reduction
Tons of coal /
1,000 Yuan
Tons of coal /
1,000 Yuan
Nationwide 12.2
9.8
20%
Beijing
Jilin
Fujian
8
16.5
9.4
6.4
11.6
7.9
20%
30%
16%
Gansu
22.6
18.1
20%
Early results


After only six months under the 11th Plan,
the monitoring results were released -acknowledging the initial implementation
failures of some key targets. Such level of
transparency is unprecedented.
The publicity has stimulated open and
active discussions among policy makers,
experts and media.
Early results


Provincial governments have developed
performance criteria for high-ranking
officials based on the targets.
A public opinion pool was chosen—for
the first time—as one of the means to
evaluate officials.
Lessons Learned
Essential for the introduction of resultsbased national plans and transparency
outcome monitoring systems are
– Political commitment from the top leaders
– A strong and well-located champion
– Access to international experience