Download Techno-Economic Assessment of Processes that produce Jet Fuel from Plant-Derived Sources

Techno-Economic Assessment of
Processes that produce Jet Fuel from
Plant-Derived Sources
by
Wim Diederichs
Supervisor: Dr. JF Gorgens
Department of Process Engineering,
Stellenbosch University
Research problem
Potential routes, feedstock and product
Objectives
Proposed Processes
Method
Main Outcomes
High consumption of Jet fuel
Conventional Jet Fuel - high GHG emissions
Non-fossil processes - low GHG emissions
Closed carbon-cycle
Large number of potential feedstocks
Large number of potential processes
Unsure what is the best option
Need to determine the best option
Filtration &
Neutralization
Used cooking oil
Lipids
Catalytic
Hydrothermolysis
Oil Extraction
Biochemical conversion
Fermentation
Separation
Organic
Wastes
Starches
Flue gas CO,
CO,H2
Fermentation
Alcohol(s)
Sugars
Extraction
1G
Sugar from
plants
Hydrocarbons
Fermentation to
Hydrocarbons
Extraction &
Fermentation
2G
Lignocellulose
Alcohols
Dehydration Oligomerization
Hydro-processing
Fermentation
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Thermochemical conversion
Acid Hydrolysis
Gasification
Syngas
Gasification & Reforming
Algae
Ketones to
Alcohols
Organic
Acids
Fermentation to Lipids/FFA
Tallow
MSW
Hydrotreatment/
Hydrocracking
FFA
Rendering
Fast Pyrolysis
Liquefaction
Fischer-Tropsch &
Fractionation
Bio-char
Bio-oil
Catalytic conversion
Hydrolysis
Syngas
Hemicellulose + Cellulose
Hydrogenation, Deoxygenation &
Fractionation
Catalytic- and
Hydro-processing
Jet Fuel
Oil from
plants
Catalytic conversion &
Hydrotreatment
1G
Hydrotreatment/
Hydrocracking
Lipid conversion
Cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin
Source
 Wastes
 Forest products
 Energy crops
Lignin
Hemi-cellulose
Cellulose
Mixture of hydrocarbons
Jet fuel carbon distribution
“Drop-in” jet fuel
Mass %
25
20
15
10
5
0
ASTM approval process
 HEFA process
 GFT process
6
8
10
12
14
Carbon number
16
18
Main Objective:
Compare lignocellulose to jet fuel processes
Minor Objectives:
Compare plant-derived jet fuel production
processes
Commercial feasibility of lignocellulose to jet fuel
processes
Most mature lignocellulose to jet fuel processes:
Lignocellulose
Pretreatment,
Hydrolysis &
Fermentation
Ethanol
Gasification &
Reforming
Syngas
Fischer-Tropsch
Fast Pyrolysis
Bio-oil
Hydrogenation,
Deoxygenation
& Hydro-cracking
Dehydration,
Oligomerization
& Hydro-processing
Jet Fuel
Mature non-lignocellulose to jet fuel processes:
Sugarcane
Fermentation
Ethanol
Dehydration,
Oligomerization
& Hydro-processing
Jet Fuel
Vegetable oil
Hydro-treatment &
Hydrocracking
Novel lignocellulose to jet fuel processes:
Catalytic
syngas
conversion
Syngas
Fermentation
Alcohols
Ethanol
Dehydration,
Oligomerization,
& Hydro-processing
Butanol
Lipids
Lignocellulose
Hydrolysis &
Fermentation
FFA
Hydro-treatment,
Hydrocracking
Hydrocarbons
Hydrolysis
Hemi-cellulose
& Cellulose
Catalytic-processing,
Hydro-processing &
Fractionation
Jet Fuel
Novel lignocellulose to jet fuel processes:
Catalytic
syngas
conversion
Syngas
Fermentation
High-level technoeconomic assessment
Alcohols
Ethanol
Dehydration,
Oligomerization,
& Hydro-processing
Butanol
Lipids
Lignocellulose
Hydrolysis &
Fermentation
FFA
Hydro-treatment,
Hydrocracking
Hydrocarbons
Hydrolysis
Hemi-cellulose
& Cellulose
Catalytic-processing,
Hydro-processing &
Fractionation
Jet Fuel
Literature search on
process configurations
Published
experimental data
Process Flow Diagrams
Rigorous Material &
Energy Balances (ASPEN)
Pinch-Analysis and Heat
Integration
Literature for
Capital and
Operating costs
Capital & Project Cost
Estimation
Energy efficiency
GHG emissions
Economic Sensitivity
Analysis
Understanding of jet fuel production processes
Mass- and energy-balances for the processes
Comparative techno-economic analysis of
processes
Sensitivity analysis of economics
GHG emissions - jet fuel production processes
CRSES