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2.9 Some Simple Organic
Compounds
Organic chemistry: study of C compounds
• Alkanes contain only C and H and are called
hydrocarbons
• The names of alkanes all end in the suffix –ane
• Alkanes are named according to the number of C atoms
in their backbone chain:
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Methane has one C atom (CH4)
Ethane has two C atoms (CH3CH3)
Propane has three C atoms (CH3CH2CH3)
Butane has four C atoms (CH3CH2CH2CH3), etc.
Some Derivatives of Alkanes
• When H atoms in alkanes are replaced by heteroatoms
(atoms other than C or H), then we have introduced a
functional group into the alkane
• When H is replaced by –OH, the compound is an alcohol
• Alcohols are also named by the number of C atoms
Some Derivatives of Alkanes
• When the single bonds in an alkane are replaced by one
or more double bonds, alkenes are formed
• Examples: ethene, propene
• When a double bond is formed between C and O, we
form carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and esters
• Be familiar with the molecular formulas in this
section!
• Sample Problems # 49, 63, 95