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2.9 Some Simple Organic Compounds Organic chemistry: study of C compounds • Alkanes contain only C and H and are called hydrocarbons • The names of alkanes all end in the suffix –ane • Alkanes are named according to the number of C atoms in their backbone chain: • • • • Methane has one C atom (CH4) Ethane has two C atoms (CH3CH3) Propane has three C atoms (CH3CH2CH3) Butane has four C atoms (CH3CH2CH2CH3), etc. Some Derivatives of Alkanes • When H atoms in alkanes are replaced by heteroatoms (atoms other than C or H), then we have introduced a functional group into the alkane • When H is replaced by –OH, the compound is an alcohol • Alcohols are also named by the number of C atoms Some Derivatives of Alkanes • When the single bonds in an alkane are replaced by one or more double bonds, alkenes are formed • Examples: ethene, propene • When a double bond is formed between C and O, we form carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and esters • Be familiar with the molecular formulas in this section! • Sample Problems # 49, 63, 95