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Naming Organics Review The IUPAC Rules Find longest carbon chain Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total number Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number Multiple alkyl groups named alphabetically. ex. 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6), ex. 2,4-dimethylpentane Halogens are named “halo” groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo The IUPAC Rules Double bonds = ene, triple bonds - yne Multiple double/triple bonds have a prefix just in front of the ending. ex. 2,3,4,5-octatetraene Cyclics = cyclo- ex. cyclobutane Benzene = 3 resonating double bonds The IUPAC Rules Alcohols – OH, -ol, many = -diol, etc., must show the H of OH Acids - C=OOH, -oic acid, on the end, must show the H of OH Aldehyde - C=O on the end, -al Ketone - C=O in the middle, -one, The IUPAC Rules Ethers - O in the middle, R1-R2 ether, R1 = first in alphabet, ex. methylpropyl ether. Esters - C=O-O in the middle. Acid part is named last with -oate ending, other part is named as radical. ex. methylpropanoate First priority Second priority Third priority - functional groups above - double/triple bonds - side chains (radicals)