Download Nomenclature of Saturated Hydrocarbons

Naming Organics
Review
The IUPAC Rules
Find longest carbon chain
Number the chain so the substituent groups
have the lowest total number
Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a
name and a number
Multiple alkyl groups named alphabetically.
ex. 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3),
tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6),
ex. 2,4-dimethylpentane
Halogens are named “halo” groups – fluoro,
chloro, bromo, iodo
The IUPAC Rules
Double bonds = ene, triple bonds - yne
Multiple double/triple bonds have a prefix just in
front of the ending.
ex. 2,3,4,5-octatetraene
Cyclics = cyclo- ex. cyclobutane
Benzene = 3 resonating double bonds
The IUPAC Rules
Alcohols – OH, -ol, many = -diol, etc., must show
the H of OH
Acids - C=OOH, -oic acid, on the end, must
show the H of OH
Aldehyde - C=O on the end, -al
Ketone - C=O in the middle, -one,
The IUPAC Rules
Ethers - O in the middle, R1-R2 ether, R1 = first
in alphabet, ex. methylpropyl ether.
Esters - C=O-O in the middle. Acid part is
named last with -oate ending, other part is
named as radical. ex. methylpropanoate
First priority
Second priority
Third priority
- functional groups above
- double/triple bonds
- side chains (radicals)