Download circulatory system

CIRCULATORY, RESPIRATORY
& LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Made up of blood, the heart, blood vessels
• Function is to transport materials throughout the
body such as nutrients and oxygen
• The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that
contracts at regular intervals; it can be thought of
as two pumps sitting side by side
• The two pumps are separated by a SEPTUM
• Each pump is divided into two chambers:
• The upper chambers are called ATRIA (receive
blood)
• The lower chambers are VENTRICLES (pump
blood out)
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• The right side of the heart pumps
blood from the body into the
lungs where oxygen-poor
(deoxygenated) blood gives up
carbon dioxide and picks up
oxygen
• The left side of the heart pumps
oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood
from the lungs to the rest of the
body
Structure of Heart
Ao = Aorta
PA = Pulmonary Artery
PV = Pulmonary Vein
SVC = Superior Vena Cava
IVC = Inferior Vena Cava
RA = Right Atrium
RV = Right Ventricle
LA = Left Atrium
LV = Left Ventricle
SEPTUM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• BLOOD VESSELS:
• 1. Arteries - carry blood away from the
heart to all tissues of the body; the
largest artery is the AORTA
• 2. Veins - collect blood and return it
back to the heart
• 3. Capillaries – connect the arteries & veins;
only one cell thick making diffusion of oxygen
and nutrients easy
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD:
• 1. Transports nutrients,
dissolved gases, enzymes,
hormones and waste products
• 2. Regulates body
temperature, pH and
electrolytes
• 3. Protects body from invaders
• 4. Restricts loss of fluid
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• COMPONENTS OF BLOOD:
• 1. Plasma: liquid portion of blood that contains
water, dissolved fats, salts, sugars and proteins
• 2. Red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport
oxygen
• 3. White blood cells (leukocytes): protect body
against invasion by foreign cells or substances
• 4. Platelets: responsible for the clotting of
blood
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi and lungs
• Function is to bring about the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
blood, the air and the tissues
• FLOW OF AIR: Air enters NOSE -->
pharynx OR enters MOUTH --> pharynx;
after pharynx ---> larynx (top of trachea) -->
trachea (windpipe) --> to left or right bronchi
---> bronchioles --> alveoli
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1. nose
2. mouth
3. larynx
4. lung
5. right bronchus
6. diaphragm
7. pharynx
8. trachea
9. left bronchus
10. bronchiole
11. alveoli
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• BREATHING:
• Inhalation: pulling of air into lungs
• Exhalation: pushing of air out of
lungs
• Diaphragm: Located along the
bottom of the rib cage; it is the large
flat muscle responsible for inhalation
and exhalation
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• The alveoli is where gas
exchange occurs
• When blood enters the lung it
has a lot of carbon dioxide and
a low oxygen content, but the
alveoli are filled with fresh
oxygen-rich inhaled air
• Carbon dioxide diffuses out of
the blood into the alveoli and
oxygen diffuses into the blood
from the alveoli
Picture of Gas Exchange in the Lungs
Lymphatic System
• Network of vessels, nodes and organs
• Collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and
returns it back to the circulatory system
• The fluid is known as lymph
• Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic
system, which carries lymph fluid, nutrients,
and waste material between the body tissues
and the bloodstream.
• Over 3 liters of fluid can be leaked from the
circulatory system into surrounding tissues
daily
• The steady flow of lymph prevents edema
(swelling)
Lymph Nodes
• The lymph nodes filter lymph fluid as it flows
through them, trapping bacteria, viruses, and
other foreign substances, which are then
destroyed by special white blood cells called
lymphocytes. Groups of lymph nodes can be
felt in the neck, groin, and underarms. Many
lymph nodes in the body cannot be felt.
• When a part of the body is infected, the
nearby lymph nodes become swollen as they
collect and destroy the infecting organisms.
For example, if a person has a throat
infection, the lymph nodes in the neck may
swell and become tender.
Lymph Nodes in the Lymphatic System
Cervical
Nodes
Axillary
Nodes
Inguinal
Nodes