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Network hardware tools Unit objective Given a scenario, use appropriate hardware tools to troubleshoot connectivity problems Use the appropriate software tools to troubleshoot connectivity problems Monitor and analyze network traffic Explain the methods and rationales for optimizing network performance Explain the purpose and features of various network appliances Topic A Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing network traffic Topic D: Network performance optimization Topic E: Network appliances Cable testing device Test cables and network functions Can use a device for your particular LAN or one that’s compatible with multiple network types Physical cable tests Locating incorrectly wired cables, open cables, and shorts Locating missing cables Locating cables that don’t support your network type Testing hub connections Testing PC connections Testing installed cables Testing patch cables Locating and tracing inactive cables Network function tests Verify that PC or switch is powered on Determine whether device is network PC or switch Display maximum network connection speed to device Verify PC-to-switch speed, and data transmission and port speed or duplex mismatch Verify switch-to-switch data transmission Determine if straight-through or crossover patch cable is required Find speed bottlenecks on LANs Monitor LAN link between two devices Cable certifier Used to conduct cable quality tests Measures speed and performance Verifies that network cable can perform at IEEE 802.3 speed rating Available for copper and fiber optic cabling Has display and remote handsets Additional features Measure cable length and distances to opens and shorts Test cables for continuity, proper termination, and polarity Create wiring maps to locate and identify cable routes Create customer floor plans with outlets and wire runs Testing a basic permanent link 1. Select the cable type 2. Separate cable line to be tested from all network components 3. Connect adapter and patch cord to display handset and to remote handset 4. Connect patch cord of display handset to one end of cable line to be tested 5. Connect patch cord of remote handset to other end of cable line to be tested 6. Follow directions for your cable certifier to begin testing Activity A-1 Using a cable certifier Crimpers Coax crimper Terminating a coaxial Thinnet cable to a BNC connector Activity A-2 Terminating with a BNC connector Twisted-pair cable crimper Activity A-3 Terminating with an RJ-45 connector Using a fiber optic cable crimper Tools needed: – – – – – 3mm fiber-jacket stripper Kevlar cutter Fiber stripper SC connector cable crimper Fiber scribe tool Additional items needed: – – – – – – – Fiber optic safety glasses Fiber disposal bottle Fiber optic cleaning kit Epoxy mixer and injection syringe Epoxy curing oven with thermometer and fiber stand Fiber optic polishing kit Fiber optic inspection microscope with 200X+ magnification Terminating fiber optic cable 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Prepare fiber optic cable Prepare epoxy Inject epoxy into ferrule Insert fiber cable into SC connector Crimp connector Cure epoxy Remove excess fiber from ferrule tip Polish and clean ferrule Verify that fiber optic cable has been correctly terminated 10.Place dust cap over ferrule Activity A-4 Discussing the steps to terminate a fiber optic cable Butt set Lineman’s handset Used to install and test local-loop POTS or MDC lines Local loop: physical connection between demarc and switch house Tool includes: – Earpiece – Mouthpiece – Set of test leads Butt set uses Check for dial tone Monitor active calls Answer incoming calls Make outgoing calls Determine if phone or wiring is the problem with “dead” phone Determine if noisy or dead line is before or after demarc Modapt® device Activity A-5 Using a butt set to test an analog phone line Toner probe Amplifier probe Locate, identify, and trace wires or cables Works with a tone generator Test leads Modular plug connectors Amplifier Probe Using a toner probe 1. Set tone generator to tone 2. Test tone generator 3. Connect tone generator to one end of cable to be traced 4. Use probe to identify where cable comes into patch panel or 110 block Move to cable bundle and identify cable that runs to where you’ve connected tone generator 5. Disconnect tone generator and turn it off Activity A-6 Using a toner probe Punchdown tools Using a punchdown tool 1. Insert wire between two metal blades on punchdown block (one wire per contact in block) 2. Place punchdown tool on top of wire (have correct side of tool facing up) 3. Apply pressure to wire until you hear snap from tool’s spring mechanism Activity A-7 Terminating a CAT 5e or CAT 6 cable in a punchdown block Network analyzer Identify problems with – – – – – Cabling Jacks Network cards Hubs Lower-level OSI hardware – TCP/IP Activity A-8 Testing the physical network Loopback plugs Test ports Specific to type of port Ethernet loopback – 10 and 100 Mbps – Gigabit Network loopback plug: can make your own or buy commercial Activity A-9 Using a loopback plug TDR Locate cabling problems: – – – – – – – – – Sheath faults Broken conductors Water damage Loose connectors Crimps Cuts Smashed cables Shorted conductors Variety of other fault conditions Verify impedance and termination OTDR TDR for optical cable Transmits series of optical pulses Measures amount of light that is scattered and reflected back Uses data to estimate fiber’s length and attenuation Used to locate faults Activity A-10 Using a TDR to find a split pair and the electrical end of a cable Multimeters Used to measure electricity from power supply or computer component Available in digital and analog models Measuring resistance 1. Turn off device you’re measuring and disconnect it from power source 2. Disconnect device from its circuit 3. Set multimeter to read resistance 4. Touch two leads of multimeter together 5. Touch black and red probes to either side of circuit to be measured, and read resistance from meter’s display Measuring voltage 1. Power supply must be on 2. Set multimeter to read either DC or AC voltage 3. Touch black probe to ground, and touch red probe to spot where you want to measure voltage Measuring current 1. Break circuit 2. Insert meter in break 3. Read current flowing through circuit Can also use ammeter or clamp-on ammeter to measure current flow Measuring continuity 1. Set multimeter to display resistance 2. Look for circuits with zero resistance If multimeter includes a continuity mode, you can use that In continuity mode, multimeter sounds a tone whenever it detects a closed circuit Activity A-11 Measuring electrical values Environmental monitor Connects to network Allows remote monitoring of environmental conditions in equipment rooms Monitors: – – – – – – – Temperature Power Humidity Water Smoke Air flow Room entry ASHRAE 9.9 guidelines Temperature range of 64.4° to 80.6° F Constant relative humidity of less than 60%, with: – Lower dew-point temperature of 41.9° F – Upper dew-point temperature of 59° F Activity A-12 Observing an environmental monitor (instructor demonstration) Topic B Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing network traffic Topic D: Network performance optimization Topic E: Network appliances TCP/IP utilities ARP ARP ping DIG Getmac Hostname Ifconfig IPConfig Nbstat Netstat NSLookup Ping Route Traceroute IPConfig Use switches to display and modify TCP/IP properties – – – – – – /all /release, /release6 /renew, /renew6 /flushdns /displaydns /registerdns Ifconfig UNIX command to display IP addressing information Enable and disable network cards Activity B-1 Using IPConfig to display TCP/IP settings Ping (Packet Internet Groper) Sends packet to another computer to test connectivity Use NetBIOS name, DNS name, or IP address Ping troubleshooting If you used ping with a domain name, use IP address of remote host instead Try to ping a different computer Use IPConfig to verify that the computer has been assigned an IP address Verify all network configuration settings Reboot the computer to verify that TCP/IP has been loaded Check the physical connections Activity B-2 Testing TCP/IP connectivity NSLookup and Tracert NSLookup – Verifies communication with a DNS server – Single or multiple DNS servers Tracert – Verify network path between two computers Activity B-3 Using NSLookup and Tracert Topic C Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing network traffic Topic D: Network performance optimization Topic E: Network appliances Performance Monitor Create a baseline to compare system performance over time Monitor system resource usage Locate performance problems Identify performance bottlenecks Performance objects Network Interface Memory Paging File PhysicalDisk Process Processor TCPv4 and TCPv6 UDPv4 and UDPv6 Bottlenecks IPv4 and IPv6 Network Interface Redirector Server TCPv4 and TCPv6 UDPv4 and UDPv6 Activity C-1 Monitoring network performance Configuration Toolbar Properties dialog box Activity C-2 Configuring Performance Monitor Event Viewer Application Security Setup System Forwarded Events Event information Source Event ID Level User OpCode Logged Task Category Keywords Computer Event types Critical Error Warning Information Success Audit Failure Audit Activity C-3 Viewing the event logs Device and application logging Antivirus software Router Firewall Wireless access point and RADIUS DNS server Domain controller Activity C-4 Discussing device and application logging Syslog Originator Relay Collector Syslog alert levels 0 Emergency: system is unusable 1 Alert: action must be taken immediately 2 Critical: critical conditions 3 Error: error conditions 4 Warning: warning conditions 5 Notice: normal but significant condition 6 Informational: informational messages 7 Debug: debug-level messages SNMP Managed devices Agents NMS Versions – V1 – V2: Added security – V3: Added encryption, message integrity, and authentication Network Monitor Free Microsoft download Packet analyzer/sniffer Capture and examine packets Activity C-5 Capturing network traffic by using Network Monitor Topic D Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing network traffic Topic D: Network performance optimization Topic E: Network appliances Rationales Reduce network latency – Latency sensitivity of high-bandwidth applications – Jitters in video or voice transmissions Increase uptime – Employee productivity – Revenue Methods QoS Traffic shaping Load balancing High availability and fault tolerance CARP Caching engines Activity D-1 Discussing network performance optimization Topic E Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing network traffic Topic D: Network performance optimization Topic E: Network appliances Networking appliances Load balancers Proxy servers Content filters VPN concentrators Activity E-1 Discussing network appliances Unit summary Given a scenario, used appropriate hardware tools to troubleshoot connectivity problems Used the appropriate software tools to troubleshoot connectivity problems Monitored and analyzed network traffic Explained the methods and rationales for optimizing network performance Explained the purpose and features of various network appliances