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ITCK
Information Technology Center Of Kabul University
Networking Basics
Introducing Basic Network Concepts “In the beginning, there were no networks.
Life was bad.” —MIKE MEYERS
Mohammad Ferdous(ehsan) “safi”
Date: 24 / Sep / 2016
[email protected]
In this Lecture, you will learn :
• Understanding The Differences Between Internet Connections
• Basic Administration Network Architectures
Client/Server Network
Peer-to-Peer Network
• Networking Topologies (Physical & Logical)
• Network Operating System
• What is a Network Protocol?
Date: 24 / Sep / 2016
The Differences Between Internet Connections
Modem :
• A combined device for modulation and demodulation, for example, between the digital
data of a computer and the analog signal of a telephone line.
Cable Modem :
• A type of modem that connects a computer or local network to broadband Internet
service through the same cable that supplies cable television service.
• Cable Internet connection is a form of broadband access. Through use of a cable
modem, users can access the Internet over cable TV lines. Cable modems can provide
extremely fast access to the Internet.
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The Differences Between Internet Connections
Fiber :
• Fiber optic (or "optical fiber") refers to the medium and the technology associated with
the transmission of information as light impulses along a glass or plastic wire or
fiber. Fiber optic wire carries much more information than conventional copper wire
and is far less subject to electromagnetic interference.
Fiber Optic Cable :
• A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting
messages modulated onto light waves. Fiber optics has several advantages over traditional
metal communications lines: Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than
metal cables.
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The Differences Between Internet Connections
Wireless :
Using radio Signals, microwaves, etc Frequency. (as opposed to wires or cables) to
broadcast and transmit signals.
One of the greatest advantages of wireless Internet connections is the “always-on”
connection that can be accessed from any location that falls within network coverage.
Wireless connections are made possible through the use of a modem, which picks up
Internet signals and sends them to other devices.
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The Differences Between Internet Connections
Satellite :
An artificial body placed in orbit around the earth or moon or
another planet in order to collect information or for communication.
Satellite Internet Connection :
In a two-way satellite Internet connection, the upstream data is usually sent at a
slower speed than the downstream data arrives. Thus, the connection is
asymmetric. A dish antenna, measuring about two feet high by three feet wide by
three feet deep, transmits and receives signals.
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The Differences Between Internet Connections
DSL :
DSL, which stands for Digital Subscriber Line, uses existing 2-wire copper telephone line
connected to one’s home so service is delivered at the same time as landline telephone
service. Customers can still place calls while surfing the Internet.
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The Differences Between Internet Connections
Broadband over power lines (BPL)
Is a method of power line communication (PLC) that allows relatively high-speed digital data
transmission over the public electric power distribution wiring.
Broadband :
This high-speed Internet connection is provided through either cable or telephone
companies. One of the fastest options available, broadband Internet uses multiple
data channels to send large quantities of information. The term broadband is
shorthand for broad bandwidth. Broadband Internet connections such as DSL and
cable are considered high-bandwidth connections. Although many DSL
connections can be considered broadband, not all broadband connections are
DSL
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Basic Administration Network Architectures
Client-server architecture (client/server)
Is a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is
either a client or a server. Servers are powerful computers or processes dedicated
to managing disk drives (file servers), printers (print servers), or network traffic
(network servers ).
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Basic Administration Network Architectures
Peer-to-peer architecture (P2P architecture)
Is a commonly used computer networking architecture in which each
workstation,or node, has the same capabilities and responsibilities. It is often
compared and contrasted to the classic client/server architecture, in which some
computers are dedicated to serving others.
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Networking Topologies (Physical & Logical)
Network topology :
Is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a
computer network. Essentially, it is the topological structure of a network and
may be depicted physically or logically.
Physical Topology :
The physical layout of devices on a network. Every LAN has atopology, or the way that the devices
on a network are arranged and how they communicate with each other. The way that the
workstations are connected to the network through the actual cables that transmit data -- the
physical structure of the network -- is called the physical topology.
Logical Topology :
Logical topology is the way that the signals act on the network media, or the way that the data
passes through the network from one device to the next without regard to the physical
interconnection of the devices.
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Physical Topologies :
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Logical Topology :
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What is a Network Operating System :
A network operating system (NOS) is a computer operating
system that is designed primarily to support workstation, personal
computer, and, in some instances, older terminal that are connected
on a local area network (LAN).
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What is a Network Protocol :
Protocol :
The official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or
diplomatic occasions.
Network Protocol :
Network protocols are formal standards and policies comprised of rules,
procedures and formats that define communication between two or more
devices over a network. Network protocols govern the end-to-end
processes of timely, secure and managed data
or network communication.
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References :
• Lammle, T. (2007). Cisco Certified Network Associate. Study Guide.
6th Ed. Wiley Publishing: Indianapolis, Indiana.
• Warner, K. (2003). Cisco Networking Academy Program. Companion
Guide.3rd Ed. Ciscopress: Cisco Systems Inc.
• More resources are available at:
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https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25597/computer-network
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/
https://www.searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition
https://www.omnisecu.com/cisco-certified.../unicast-multicastbroadcast.php