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Energy Power System Electricity • Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor • Electricity will only move through a closed circuit, if the circuit is broken the flow of electrons stops Electricity (cont.) • Voltage - Electric potential or potential difference, provided by the battery, expressed in volts • Amperage - The strength of an electric current, flows through the conductors to the load, expressed in amperes • Resistance - Is present in any load, expressed in ohms Light to Power • Solar Panels collect sunlight and convert them into electrical power • For maximum power solar arrays need to be perpendicular to the light rays hitting them. Orbit Cycle • During the 30 minute eclipse period the batteries supply power • While in insolation period the solar arrays provide power while the batteries charge for the next eclipse period Primary and Secondary power • Primary power is high voltage power generated at a centralized source • Before power is delivered to users it is stepped down by a transformer to a set voltage (secondary power) • Secondary power is then delivered to the user System Overview • Internal and external systems – Internal system distributes secondary power – External distributes primary power • 8 identical channels of power (1A-4B) – Each channel supplies 160 volts Internal EPS • Loads, RPDA, SPDA, DDCU, MBSU Converts primary power to secondary power • Routes secondary power to any internal systems Loads • A load is anything that needs electricity to function. • Computers, Lights, Pumps, etc. • Each load requires a certain current (amps) which is specific to that device • All loads are designed to use 124 volts • Not all loads are physically inside the station, but all are supplied by the same internal distribution network MBSU/DDCU • Main Buss Switching Unit – Each support 2 channels of primary power – Power can be cross-strapped between channels if needed – Routes power through DDCUs to SPDAs • Direct current to Direct current Converter – Converts primary power (~160 dc) to secondary power (~124 dc) SPDA/RPDA • Secondary Power Distribution Assembly – Multiple SPDAs per power channel – Routes power to RPDAs and multiple loads • Remote Power Distribution Assembly – Routes power to six loads Only difference between SPDA and RPDA is that RPDAs are always downstream of SPDAs External EPS • PVA, BGA, SSU, ECU, BCDU, DCSU, PVCU, SARJ • Produces primary power from the solar arrays, and stores power in batteries for eclipse phase BGA/PVA • Photovoltaic Array – Collects sunlight and converts it into electrical power – Two PV blankets composed 1 PVA • Beta Gimbal Assembly – BGA attached to a single set of PV Blankets – Controls rotation perpendicular to the main station truss ECU/SSU • Sequential Shunt Unit – Shunts any excess power generated as heat – Regulates primary voltage to 160 volts • Electronic Control Unit – Controls BGA rotation, PVA deployment, SSU output voltage – Runs on secondary power from DDCU on IEA IEA • Direct Current Switching Unit (DCSU) – Routes power from BGA to batteries, other EPS components, and MBSU • Direct current to Direct current Converter Unit (DDCU) – Provides Secondary power for BGA, ECU, PVA deployment motor, and PFCS. IEA • Integrated Equipment Assembly – Contains EPS components for two power channels • Battery Charge Discharge Unit (BCDU) – Regulates charging or discharging of batteries, controlled by PVCU – Three per power channel • Batteries (BAT) – Batteries store power for use during the eclipse phase of the station’s orbit – Six per power channel PVCU • Photovoltaic Control Unit – Controls all IEA components for a single channel, other than those controlled by ECU – Controls BCDUs, PFCS, DDCU, etc. – Runs on primary power from both power channels for redundancy – Controlled by PMCU on station SARJ • Solar Alpha Rotary Joint • Rotates 4 channels of power at one time – Controls rotation parallel to the main station truss • Allows power and data to transfer IEA Thermal control system • IEA has a self contained thermal control system for each channel • Small radiators under each IEA dissipate heat from the SSU as well as batteries and other IEA components • This system functions in the same manner as the main TCS for the station • Pump and Flow Control Subassembly (PFCS) and Photovoltaic Radiator (PVR) Grounding • To prevent electricity from arcing across the station all electrical devices are grounded to the main truss. • Plasma Contractor Unit (PCU) – Emits a stream of plasma to ground the space station’s main truss to space – Prevents arcing to any external spacecraft during docking or EVA Warning Signs of a SOBE • Red indicator light on the system wall • Loss of Power (I.e. lights or computer unexpectedly shut down) • Warning through HAL or other system • Contingency of another SOBE Things to check during a SOBE • For maximum power the panels must be perpendicular to the sunlight, if misaligned they may not produce enough power • There are many points where power can be stopped, be sure to check them all