Download Distributed Intelligence Provides Self

Distributed Intelligence
Provides Self-Healing for the
Grid
[email protected]
[email protected]
Session 5 Paper 1199
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Old
Distributed Intelligence

Distributed Intelligence makes
sense:





Traditional centralized generation
and one-way power flow model is
changing
Distributed Energy Resources will
connect at distribution voltages
Local logic for bi-directional
protection and automation acts on
real-time information
Devices are becoming more
intelligent and sensing more data.
Onboard computation enables
calculations and decision
capabilities
New
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Smart Switching for the Smart Grid
FaultPulses
Sensors, communications,
protection, measurements,
standalone or system
integrated
Initial Trip
Test 1
Time (sec)
Recloser
Test 2
Initial Trip
Test 1
FaultPulses
Test 2
Time (sec)
IntelliRuper™
New Types of switching – “Pulse closing” significantly reduce the
damaging impacting of full fault current reclosing – 98% reduction in
fault energy
15
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Point-on-Wave Closing

Closing angle = 90° (voltage peak)

symmetrical fault current
Voltage
Current
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Point-on-Wave Closing

A closing angle of 118° after a voltage zero yields
an initial minor loop
CLOSING ANGLE 118° AFTER
VOLTAGE ZERO
Voltage
This Is the Pulse!
Current
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Pulse Closing Energy

Fault I2t let-through is typically less than 2%
compared to a conventional recloser
100
Fault 1
RMS Current
Duration
I2T
Conventional
Reclosing
2,000 A
0.5420 s
2,168,000 A2s
Pulseclosing
930 A
0.0053 s
4,800 A2s
(0.22%)
Conventional
Reclosing
5,000 A
0.1620 s
4,050,000 A2s
Pulseclosing
2460 A
0.0055 s
34,400 A2s
(0.85%)
Conventional
Reclosing
12,500 A
0.0880 s
13,750,000 A2s
Pulseclosing
6380 A
0.0056 s
236,900 A2s
(1.72%)
10
Time (seconds)
Fault 2
Fault 1
1
Fault 2
Fault 3
Fault 3
0.1
0.01
100
1000
10000
Current (Amps)
100000
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Reclosing Vs Pulse Closing Energy
Conventional reclosers


close, or
reclose
Close and reclose are the
same action


three-phase group operated
random point-on-wave
5,000,000
4,000,000
RECLOSING
3,000,000
2

Amps -Seconds

2,000,000
1,000,000
PULSECLOSING
5000
6000
7000
8000
Fault Current - Amperes
9000
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Conventional Reclosing B Phase
Permanent Fault
Additional Sht Ccts
applied to the system
Time (Not to Scale)
Initial Trip
Test 1
Test 2
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Pulseclosing B Phase Permanent Fault
FaultPulses
FaultPulses
Time (Not to Scale)
Initial Trip
Test 1
Test 2
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Circuit Protection

Station breaker relay
curve



Downstream
interrupting devices



Min Response
Tolerance
Breaker clearing time
Fuses
Reclosers
Room for more
MAX CLEAR
1
Tim e in S econds

SUBSTATION
BREAKER
Current in Amperes : x 100 at 12.47 k V.
10
MIN RESPONSE
0.1
LARGEST FUSE
ON CIRCUIT
0.01
5
10
100
PLOTTING VOLTAGE:12.47 k V
BY:
NO: 5
DATE: 5-27-2005
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
A1
Protection Setup
SB A
Current in Amperes: x 100 at 12.47 kV.
10



A2
Substation relay
settings
Enter downstream
fuse characteristics
Generate Curve
Current in Amperes : x 100 at 12.47 k V.
10
1
1
TCC
A1
econds
e in
TimTim
econds
e inS S
0.1
0.1
TCC
FUSE
0.01
5
10
0.01
5
100
PLOTTING VOLTAGE:12.47 k V
10
BY:
100
PLOTTING VOLTAGE:12.47 kV
NO: 5
DATE: 5-27-2005
BY:
NO: 8
DATE: 8-9-2005
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Protection Setup

A1
Current in Amperes: x 100 at 12.47 kV.
10
SB A
A2
Repeat process until
cannot coordinate
A3
1
A4
Tim e in S econds
0.1
TCC
FUSE
0.01
5
10
100
PLOTTING VOLTAGE:12.47 kV
BY:
NO: 10
DATE: 8-9-2005
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder



Non-communicating automatic sectionalizing &
restoration
Coordination as much as possible
Shared curves for remaining devices
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder



T=0
Fault in segment 5
All PulseClosers with A3 curve trip
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder


T=1 sec
IR-2 pulses
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder


T=1 sec
IR-2 pulses and closes
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder


T=1.5 sec
IR-3 pulses
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder


T=1.5 sec
IR-3 pulses and closes
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder


T=2 sec
IR-4 pulses
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder


T=2 sec
IR-4 pulses and continues PulseClosing test
sequence
Self Healing
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Self Healing




Each device is enabled to talk to other team
members
Exchange information on voltage, current, status,
capacity
With loss of supply the team knows actual
system status and reconfigures network to bring
on new sources while dropping load if so required
according to prioritization
Requires communication between devices, lower
latency reasonable bandwidth.
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
350A
Max
100A
Max
0A
IR1
N.O.
TEAM1
60A
IR2
N.O.
TEAM2
120A
IR3
120A
SRC 2
SRC 1
Rapid Self-Healing
260A
IR5
400A
Max
TEAM4
30A
TEAM3
70A
IR6
Normal circuit condition.
Note source capacities.
Loss of SRC 3.
IR7
TEAM5
40A
IR8
N.O.
IR9
TEAM6
60A
0A
SRC 4
SRC 3
IR4
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
350A
Max
100A
Max
0A
IR1
N.O.
TEAM1
60A
IR2
N.O.
TEAM2
120A
IR3
120A
SRC 2
SRC 1
Rapid Self-Healing
260A
IR5
400A
Max
TEAM4
30A
TEAM3
70A
IR6
IR5 senses loss of voltage,
opens, and immediately
initiates Rapid Self-Healing.
IR7
TEAM5
40A
IR8
N.O.
IR9
TEAM6
60A
0A
SRC 4
SRC 3
IR4
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
350A
Max
100A
Max
0A
IR1
N.O.
TEAM1
60A
IR2
N.O.
TEAM2
120A
IR3
120A
SRC 2
SRC 1
Rapid Self-Healing
0A
IR5
400A
Max
TEAM4
30A
TEAM3
70A
IR6
IR8 is chosen as preferred
source due to higher
capacity. IR5 opens and
IR8 closes to restore TEAMS
1, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Restoration complete!
IR7
TEAM5
40A
IR8
N.O.
IR9
TEAM6
60A
260A
SRC 4
SRC 3
IR4
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Integration with DMS/GIS

Benefits



Only maintain one master database: GIS
Ensures restoration system in the field is upto-date with latest field ‘as build data’
System propagates to each team member ie
only one needs to be updated
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Integration with DMS/GIS
IntelliRupter
IR #1
IntelliRupter
IR #2
IntelliRupter
IR #3
Repeater
Radio
GIS Database
Laptop Computer
Get connectivity
model and
device attributes
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Integration with DMS/GIS
IntelliRupter
IR #1
IntelliRupter
IR #2
Display
updated IT-SG
configurations
for user to
acknowledge
Laptop Computer
Automatic
daily push
of updated
circuits
IntelliRupter
IR #3
Repeater
Radio
GIS Database
Daily updates of
field work, such
as new devices
installed, or lines
reconductored
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Integration with DMS/GIS
IntelliRupter
IR #1
Display
updated IT-SG
configurations
for user to
acknowledge
Laptop Computer
IntelliRupter
IR #2
Automatic
push of
updated
circuits
IntelliRupter
IR #3
Repeater
Radio
DMS
GIS Database
DMS planning functions
may desire a new
“normal” configuration
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Layered Intelligence™
Hybrid control systems (centralized and distributed)
complement each other:
 Distributed Intelligence acts in real-time for
protection and restoration, takes care of the
problem and reports complete status to central
system
 operators can then fine-tune the system
 integrating Distributed Intelligence with
centralized



exchange of information
example: implement “new normal” configuration
turn data (Scada) into information
Operational Time frame
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
IntelliRupter Fault Interruption
Centralized
Control
Uniterruptible Power Supply
ommunication-Enhanced Coordination
Frequency Control
Energy Storage (grid-scale & CES)
Self-Healing Grid Reconfiguration
Active Network Management
Distribution Management System
Volt/VAR Control
Outage Management System
Geospatial Information System
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
0.001
Distributed
Intelligence
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Time - seconds
1000
10000
100000
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Systems with distributed Intelligence
Smart Switching
Communications
Existing Switching Devices:
upgrade to distributed
intelligence
Substation based
Energy Storage
SCADA switches
Pad
Mounted
Control Centre
Questions?