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Power System for Ocean Bottom Observatories Taken from the Cabled Observatory Presentation School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology February 2006 The Plan • The Supply should be SCALABLE. • There should be redundancy wherever practical. • High voltage converters present serious reliability concerns. • Low voltage converters can be stacked to achieve both scaling and high reliability. HV Power Distribution • Start with High Voltage Distribution. – Line losses go down with square of voltage. • Step it down with fixed-ratio transformers. – This is the main power conversion. – Keep complexity to a minimum. • Do any necessary regulation at low voltage. – Wide-range COTS regulators available. – Voltage variations will be well within range. – Use REDUNDANT regulators. Limited Current Power Distribution • Design power modules for nominal current. • Stack more converter for higher power. – This increases primary voltage and secondary current. – The secondary voltage remains the same. • The size of the voltage drop then determines your available power. Simplified POWER SUPPLY Stack Incremental Failure Tolerance (8-converter stack) • If any one power converter module fails: – The step-down ratio changes by 8/7. – There is 14% increase in secondary voltage. – The regulators can easily handle that. • If two power converters fail: – There is 33% increase in secondary voltage. – This is still within the regulation range. • Available power decreases slightly, but system remains fully functional. Redundancy • The previous slide suggests a scheme for redundancy: – Extra converters can placed on the stack. – Simply shorting the input removes them from active duty. – They can be brought on line as needed to replace a failed unit or to increase power capacity. – Very minimal circuitry is required to implement. Power Supply Control • Simple Rabbit 3000 microcontroller. • Isolated voltage-to-frequency converters monitor all significant voltages. • Isolated Magnetoresistive-effect sensors used for currents. • Thermistor probes for temperatures. • Backplane used for modular power converters. Rabbit 3000 Controllers Power Module Backplane Converter Modules Testing • Use a variety of fully dynamic loads. • Use continuous maximum cycling with pseudo-random pattern generator to simulate every possible static and transient load condition. Dynamic Test Load Dynamic Load Testing Conclusions… • This Second Generation Power Supply has greatly expanded operating margins. • Modular design allows for easy testing and easy maintenance. • The pseudo-random test load tests for a wide range of operating conditions. Conclusions… • The power system is multiple-fault tolerant in the critical areas and has very few single-point failure modes. • Rigorous system testing will weed out infant-mortality and rare-event failures. Discussion • • • • • Design development System power Data Communication System Control Proof Module