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Biasing Circuit ● Establish a constant voltage VB. Current-derived negative feedback.The degree of success of the negative feedback is Bias Stability. ● cut-off conditions, Example ● A transistor is to be biased at a collector current of 1 mA when a 12-V power supply is applied. Using the above figure, determine the values of R1, R2, and RE if 3.4 V is to be dropped across RE and if the current through R2 is to be 10 IBQ. Assume that for the transistor used, VBEQ = 0.6 V and hFE = 100. Example Also, VB = VRE + VBE = 3.4 + 0.6 = 4 V. VR1 = VCC – VB = 12 – 4 = 8 V Common Emitter Amplifier Common Emitter Amplifier Common Emitter Amplifier Transconductance=how much IC changes with a fluctuation in VBE. In practice, VT = 26 mV at room temperature The terminal voltage gain is therefore Model ● Basic Equation ● Equivalent Circuit ● Simulation model