Download Smart Cards Technology

Smart Cards Technology
By Julien Cuma Comp 1631, Winter
2011
Introduction
• Smart cards are credit card in sized and made
of flexible plastic. The card is firmly fixed
with a micro- module on the surface of the
card.
• Micro-module is under a gold plate on one side
of the card containing a single silicon
integrated circuit chip with memory and
microprocessor.
Introduction
• The micro-module is made out of eight
metallic pads on its surface, each designed to
international standards for VCC (power supply
voltage), RST (used to reset the
microprocessor of the smart card), CLK (clock
signal), GND (ground), VPP (programming or
write voltage), and I/O (serial input/output
line).
Introduction
• Smarts cards may have up to 8 kilobytes of
RAM, 346 kilobytes of ROM, 256 kilobytes of
programmable RO M and a 16 bit
microprocessor.
• The smart card uses a serial interface and
receives its power from external sources like a
card reader
Micro-module component
• Random Access Memory (RAM) or Working
Memory serves as a temporary storage of
results from calculations or input/output
communications. RAM is a volatile memory
and loses information immediately when the
power supply is switched off.
Micro-module component
• Read Only Memory (ROM) or Program
Memory is where the instructions are
permanently burned into memory by the
silicon manufacturer.
• These instructions (such as when the power
supply is activated and the program that
manages the password) are the basic of the
Chip Operating System (COS) also known as
the "Mask."
How Does it Work?
• When a smart card is inserted into a Card
reader, the metallic pads come into contact
with the card reader connects with a metallic
pins, this allowing the card and card reader to
communicate.
How Does it Work?
• Smart cards are always reset when they are
inserted into a card reader. This action causes
the smart card to respond by sending an
"Answer-to-Reset” (ATR) message, which
informs the card reader, to control the
communication with the card and the
processing of a transaction.
Key Features of Smart Cards
• Cost: Manufacturing costs range from $2.00 to
$10.00. Per card cost increases with chips
providing higher capacity and more complex
capabilities; per card cost decreases as higher
volume of cards are ordered.
• Ease of Use: Smart cards are user-friendly for
easy interface with the intended application. They
are handled like the familiar magnetic stripe bank
card, but are a lot more able to be used in many
different ways.
Key Features of Smart Cards
• Reliability: Manufactures companies
guarantee 10,000 read/write cycles. Cards
meets International Standards Organization
(ISO) specifications must achieve set test
results covering drop, flexing, abrasion,
concentrated load, temperature, humidity,
static electricity, chemical attack, ultra-violet,
X-ray, and magnetic field tests.
Key Features of Smart Cards
• Storage Capacity: Between: 8K - 128K bit.
“(Note that in smart card terminology, 1K
means one thousand bits, not one thousand 8bit characters. One thousand bits will normally
store 128 characters - the rough equivalent of
one sentence of text. However, with modern
data compression techniques, the amount of
data stored on the smart card can be
significantly expanded beyond this base data
translation.)”
Key Features of Smart Cards
• Susceptibility: Smart cards are susceptible to
chip damage from physical abuse, but more
difficult to disrupt or damage than the
magnetic stripe card.
• Security: Smart cards are highly secure.
Information stored on the chip is difficult to
duplicate or disrupt, unlike the outside storage
used on magnetic stripe cards that can be
easily copied.
Card Reader
• Card reader/writer terminal with an
asynchronous clock, a serial interface, and a 5volt power source is required. For low volume
orders, per unit cost of such terminals runs
about $150. The cost decreases significantly
with higher volumes. The more costly Card
Acceptance Devices are the hand-held, batteryoperated terminals.
Smart Cards application in Industries
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Industries
Computers
Clubs
Hotels
Nightclubs
Real Estate
Security
Application
Warranty cards, discount
Membership cards
Frequency cards, key cards
VIP cards, door entry cards
Business cards, calendar cards
Access control, name badges
Smart Cards Future
• Contactless Smart cards
• Contactless card is where by Radio Induction
Technology is used to connect the card with
the card reader. (Data rates of 106–848 Kbit/s)
Once the card is near an antenna the
transaction goes through with-out contact.
Smart Cards Future
• They are meant to be used when transactions
must be processed quickly or hands-free, such
as on mass transit systems, where smart cards
can be used without even removing them from
a wallet.
Bibliography
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Subjects: Smart cards, Security, Personal information, Technology
Classification Codes 8120, 9190, 5140
Locations: United States--US
Author(s): Bill Zalud
Author Affiliation: By Bill Zalud, Editor
Document types: Feature
Document features: Photographs
Section: IDENTITY MANAGEMENT
Publication title: Security. Troy: Jun 2008. Vol. 45, Iss. 6; pg. 80, 1
pgs Source type: Periodical ISSN: 08908826
• ProQuest document ID: 1500335251
• Text Word Count 785 Document URL:
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1500335251&Fmt=3&clientId
=13370&RQT=309&VName=PQD
• http://www.tech-faq.com/how-a-smart-card-programmer-works.html
Bibliography
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Subjects: Smart Cards, Smart Card
Locations: France, Europe
Author(s): Mayer, Martin
Publication title: Fortune. New York: Aug
1983. Vol. 108, Iss. 3; pg. 74
Source type: Periodical ISSN: 00158259
ProQuest document ID: 7477259
Document URL:
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=7477259&Fmt=2&cli
entId=13370&RQT=309&VName=PQD
http://www.cardwerk.com/smartcards/
http://www.smartcardalliance.org/
Bibliography
• Subjects: Success, Smart cards, Point of sale systems, Pilot
projects, Electronic benefits transfer, Bank debit cards, Trends, Smart
Cards, Retail Stores, Negotiable Instruments, Eft Networks, Debit
Cards, Debit Card Fraud Locations: US
• People: Wilson, Bruce, Schuler, Joseph, Lee, Phillip, Gray, Bill
• Companies: National Processing Co.
• Product Names: Mac Author(s): Anonymous
• Publication title: Bank Network News. Chicago: Jun 11,
1993. Vol. 12, Iss. 2; pg. 2
• Source type: Periodical ISSN: 10634428
• ProQuest document ID: 7409013 Text Word Count 949 Document
URL:
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=7409013&Fmt=3&clientId=13370&
RQT=309&VName=PQD
• Images from Google.com
• http://www.smartcardsource.com/cards.html