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Chapter Nine: Globalization and Social Justice Applying Ethics: A Text with Readings (10th ed.) Julie C. Van Camp, Jeffrey Olen, Vincent Barry Cengage Learning/Wadsworth Globalization Rapid development of technology, trade, and culture that has brought nations together physically and symbolically Interdependence of national economics Improvements in high-speed transportation and communication “Americanization” of popular culture around the world What ethical obligations do we have to people in our own country and others? What is the impact of technology and rapid change on our social an political structures? Distributive Justice Entitlement conception of Justice: we are entitled to keep what we earn rightfully John Locke Robert Nozick Justice as fairness: distribution of wealth to promote social justice John Rawls Equality, Need, and Merit Equality Principle: Everyone ought to end up with an equal share of the wealth Principle of Need: Everyone has an equal right to have economic needs satisfied Principle of merit: Distributing wealth based on who works hardest Libertarianism, Welfare Liberalism, and Socialism Libertarianism: Welfare liberalism (welfare capitalism): Rawls: Supports capitalism, but also supports transfer payments to rectify economic injustices of capitalism Socialism: Nozick: all coercion is wrong, including transfer payments mandated by government Recognition of shared responsibilities (education, health care, child care) provided through tax system Communism: Government ownership of means of production “What We Owe to the Global Poor” Mathias Risse What makes countries rich or poor? Geography Integration of markets Institutions Wealthier nations have an obligation to extremely poor nations: to develop governmental, legal, and cultural institutions which enable them to help themselves But no further obligations “Sweatshops and Respect for Persons” Denis G. Arnold and Norman E. Bowioe Kant’s doctrine of respect for persons: useful for analyzing ethical issues in sweatshops around the globe Duties of multinational corporations: Respect for the law Avoidance of coercion Ensure safe working conditions Adequate wages Multinational corporations: responsible for the ethical practices of their subcontractors and supplies “Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, and Social Responsibility” James F. Dwyer Health care for illegal immigrants: Should be considered in terms of social justice and social responsibility Nationalists: People who have no right to be in a country should not have rights to benefits Humanists: All people have a basic human right to health care regardless of where they are “Female Genital Circumcision and Conventionalist Ethical Relativism” Loretta M. Kopelman Rites of female genital mutilation should not be tolerated, even with cultural approval in some communities Ethical relativism: rejects possibility of judging other cultures with moral force We know enough to condemn such practices as female mutilation, war, pollution, oppression, injustice, aggression