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Download Botany The Study of Plants Rhonda Ferree Extension Educator
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Botany The Study of Plants Rhonda Ferree Extension Educator in Horticulture Plant Classification Plant Kingdom No vascular system Vascular plants Seedless Plants (ferns, etc.) Mosses Liverworts Seeded Plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms B-1 Let’s Identify Plants Tools to Use Field Guides Diagnostic key Smart Apps Experience Seek out help Additional resources? Hand lens Camera GPS Knife or pruning shears Collection container Ruler Rhonda Identification Steps • Study…know the lingo • Identify by characteristics of… – Leaves – Stem – Roots – Flowers • Narrow to family or species Leaf Arrangement Leaf Forms Leaf Shapes Leaf Differences Stem • • • • • Bark type Color Size Hollow or solid Buds Bud Characteristics Root Types Taproot Fibrous 12 Flower Inflorescence • • • • Type Color Size Timing of bloom Fruit Type • Matured ovary with other floral parts • Simple fruits – achene, pod, nut, hip, samara, berry, drupe, pepo, pome Nomenclature • Scientific name – unique! – Genus species ‘Cultivar’ – Genus species variety • Common name – many! Acer platanoides 'Crimson King' Crimson King Norway maple Picea pungens var. glauca Blue Colorado spruce Let’s Go… 1. Identify a plant 2. Use a variety of methods – – iPad app Diagnostic key • Form four groups • Take 10 -15 minutes • Regroup and share with the class what you learned - Book - Other means Plants Behaving Badly Invasives • Exotics vs. Natives • Illinois Exotic Weed Act – Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) – Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) – Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) – SIX Buckthorns – Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) Indicator Plant Coefficient of Conservation • 0 (weed) to 10 (high-quality plants) • How would you rate the following? – Garlic mustard in a wooded setting? – Decurrent false aster along Illinois River? – Autumn olive along roadside? – Gooseberry in woods? plants.usda.gov AVOID “Wicked” Plants Dermally Poisonous Plants • • • • Poison ivy…Leaves of THREE, Let it Be! Poison oak Poison sumac Poison parsnip See Handout Poison Ivy – prefers shade 3 leaflets All parts poisonous Ingested Plant Poisons • • • • Poison Hemlock Wild Snakeroot Mushrooms Pokeberry Allergenic Plant Pollen • • • • What is pollen Time of year Pollen distribution Allergenic rating of plants Have FUN! 25 Seeded Plants Gymnosperms (naked seed) Angiosperms Conifers Ginkgo Dicots Monocots Cycads 28 Describe YOUR plant • • • • Vascular or no vascular system? Seed or seedless plant? Angiosperm or gymnosperm? Monocot or dicot? Toxonomy of Plants • • • • • • • • Kingdom Phylum (Division) Class Order Family Genus Specific epithet Variety or Cultivar 30 B-4 Binomial Nomenclature • Latinized names – Universality – Uniqueness • Genus – capitalized, italicized • specific epithet – lower case, italicized • Examples: Quercus alba, Quercus macrocarpa 31 Name YOUR Plant • Kingdom – Division • Class – Order Family Genus Species Descriptive Plant Terms • Woody or herbaceous? • Tree, shrub, or vine? • Annual, biennial, or perennial? – Describe YOUR plant B-5 Four Basic Plant Parts & Functions • • • • Roots Stems Leaves Flowers (produce fruits with seeds) Roots - Functions • • • • Absorb nutrients and moisture Anchor plant in growing medium Serve as food storage Provide means of propagation 35 B-6 Stems - Functions • Framework for leaves • Framework for vascular transport • Store excess food • Reproduction 36 B-6 Stem External Features 37 Node Internode Bud Scale Scar 38 Leaves - Functions • • • • • • Absorb sunlight energy Manufacture food for plant Temperature control Moisture regulation Gas exchange Reproduction 39 B-9 Leaf Arrangement Alternate Opposite Whorled 40 Leaf Types • • • • Simple Pinnately compound Palmately compound Twice-pinnately compound 41 B-10 Parts of a Compound Leaf 42 Types of Compound Leaves • Palmate Pinnate 43 Leaf Shapes • Know the terminiology – Ovate – Narrowly elliptic – Lanceolate – Obovate – Detoid Leaf Venation Parallel Netted Pinnate Palmate 45 B-11 Leaf Margins • • • • • Pinnately lobed Entire Crenate Serrate Dentate Leaf Modifications • Tendrils Spines Bracts 47 Describe YOUR leaf • • • • • Arrangement? Type? Shape? Venation? Margin? Flower Parts 49 B-12 Pollination • Pollination - transfer of pollen from anther to stigma • Types of pollination – wind, insect, – other (animals) • Fertilization – union of male sperm from pollen with egg in ovary 50 51 Fruits • Matured ovary with other floral parts • Simple fruits – achene, pod, nut, hip, samara, berry, drupe, pepo, pome 52 B-14 Fruits Compound fruits – aggregate, multiple 53 Seed Germination • Two step process: – Water absorption (imbibition) – Enzyme activation • External factors affecting: – – – – Water Oxygen Temperature (Light) 54 Seed Dormancy • Failure to grow under favorable condition Physiological immaturity – • – – • After-ripening Stratification Impermeable seed coat – Scarification 55 Read about… • • • • • Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Vascular system Growth and Development