Download Aeschynanthus Streptocarpus

GESNERIAC
EAE
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Current
Angiosperm
Phylogeny
Group Tree
for Flowering
Plants
Bignoniaceae,
LAMIALES
LAMIALES
Asterids with
• superior ovaries,
• leaves mostly opposite
• bilateral symmetry,
• stamens fewer than
petals
• fruit a capsule
Acanthaceae
Bignoniaceae
Byblidaceae
Carlemanniaceae
Cyclocheilaceae
Lamiaceae
Lentibulariaceae
Martyniaceae
Myoporaceae
Orobanchaceae
Paulowniaceae
Pedaliaceae
Phrymaceae
Plantaginaceae
Schlegeliaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Stilbaceae
Verbenaceae
Gesneriaceae
Lamiales with
• hairy leaves
• leaves of a pair unequal
• many small seeds
• parietal placentation
Gesneriaceae are not often
eaten by the caterpillar larvae
of butterflies (Ehrlich &
Raven 1964).
GESNERIACEAE (LAMIALES, EUASTERIDS I)
NUMBERS: 150 Gene ra, 3200 species
GEOGRAPHY: alm ost entirely tropical (also in Medit errane an, co mmon in g reenhou ses)
HABITAT: wet forests, rain forests; streambeds and cave open ings in d rier forests
ASTERIDAE CHARA CTERS: fused petals , two carpell ate gynoec ium, stamens equa l to or fewer than petals , adna te to
petals , disk present
LAMIALES CHARA CTERS: leave s opposite, bilaterally symmetrical flowers wit h stamens fewer than corolla lobes,
sup erior ovary, fruit a capsule
CHARAC TERS DIAGNOSTIC OF FAMILY:
Hab it terrestrial or epiphytic herbs (a few weak-stemmed trees)
Leave s simple, un equa l (anis ophyl lous), usuall y serrate, fleshy and often soft-hair yIndument of glandu lar hairs or hairs
wit h thickened termi nal cell s
Flowers large and showy
Coroll a five-lobed, various ly bil abiate
Stamens fou r or two, staminodes common
Seeds small and numerous
SUBFAMILIAL CLASSIFICATION – TWO DIVERSE SUBFAMILIES --
1. Didymocarpoideae -- style usually not well set off from ovary; fruit elongated
Aeschynanthus (180),
Cyrtandra (550),
Henckelia (155),
Streptocarpus (155: inc. Saintpaulia),
2. Gesnerioideae --leaves sometimes spiral; flowers sometimes resupin ate.;
ovary superior to inferior; fruit sometimes with fleshy placentae or funuculi
Alloplectus (75+),
Besleria (150),
Column ea (s.l. = 270+) New World.
Gesneria (60),
Drymoni a (140+),
Paradrymoni a (70+),
Sinningi a (60),
plus two obscure subfamilies
Aeschynanthus
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Streptocarpus
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The African Violet,
formerly Saintpaulia
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Episcia
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Alloplectus
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Besleria
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Columnea
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Columnea
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Columnea
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Columnea
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Drymonia
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Drymonia - a gangly tall herb of cloud forests
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Sinningia (gloxinia)
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