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Chapter 3 Cells Working Together Topic 3.1: How Cells are Organized 1. Tissue: • a grouping of cells having a similar set of limited functions. (The second level of organization) A) Animal Tissue: - Epithelial – – – Muscle Nervous Connective B) Plant Tissue: – – Conductive Tissue Epithelial Tissue A) Animal Tissue: 1) Epithelial Tissue: lining cells that cover every exposed body surface. (in & out) - An epithelium always has one surface exposed either externally or toward an internal space. Ex. Skin and lining of blood vessels and stomach etc. - Function: provides physical protection Controls permeability 2. Muscle Tissue: made up of specialized cells that are capable of contraction or shortening. There are 3 types of muscle tissue: • skeletal muscle tissue: our large muscles that move our bones • smooth muscle tissue: found in the walls of the digestive system and blood vessels • cardiac muscle tissue: heart 3. Nervous Tissue: able to conduct electrical impulses. There are 2 types of specialized cells: • neurons: carry electrical impulses • neuroglia: support system for the neurons ( ex. Schwann cells) 4. Connective tissue: connects and supports parts of the body. • May be solid (bone) or fluid (blood). • Other connective tissue forms loose, fibrous sheets between body parts. B) Plant Tissue: 1. Conductive Tissue: • Xylem and phloem are conductive tissues in plants. • Xylem tissue transports H2O up from the roots to other parts of the plant. • Phloem tissue transports C6H12O6 formed in the leaves (photosynthesis) to other parts of the plant. 2. Epithelial Tissue: similar to the skin. • Function: to provide protection. 2. ORGAN: • Distinct structure in an organism that perform particular functions. Made up of 2 or more different tissues. Animal Organs Stomach Lungs Kidneys Etc. Plant Organs Roots Leaves Flowers Etc. 3. ORGAN SYSTEM: • A group of organs that work together to perform a common function. • Animal Organs Systems: ex. Digestive System, Respiratory System • Plant Organs Systems: Shoot and Root System, Reproductive System