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Introduction
 Grape is the second most widely grown
commercially important fruit crops of the
world after olive.
 It is grown in varied climatic conditions
ranging from temperate to semi tropic and
tropics.
 Insect pests represent a major threat to
the commercial production of grapes.
 Insects feeding on grapevine leaves, roots,
flowers / berries and shoots are the most
destructive (like flea beetle, berry borers,
leaf eating caterpillars and leaf rollers).
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1. Grape berry borer
Helicoverpa armigera
Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
• Incidence of berry borer is sporadic and
reported as minor pest status in grape
cultivation.
• Caterpillars feed on grapevine leaves
voraciously.
• Popularly, the insect is known as berry
borer because it feeds on berries by
boring during Oct- Dec.
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Symptoms of damage
• Feed on berries
• Partly eaten fruits in the bunch of berries
• Rotting occur due to secondary infestation
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Identification
 Eggs are spherical in shape and creamy white
in colour, laid singly.
 Larva shows colour variation from greenish to
brown. Green with dark brown grey lines
laterally on the body with lateral white lines
and also has dark and pale bands.
 Pupa brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, pod
and crop debris.
 Adult - light pale brownish yellow stout moth.
 Forewing grey to pale brown with V shaped
speck. Hind wings are pale smoky white with a
broad blackish outer margin
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Courtesy:
www.insectimages.org
2. Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura
Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
• This pest is of common occurrence in
Maharashtra and Hyderabad.
Symptoms of Damage:
• Young larvae feed on the lower epidermal
layer of the underside of the leaf and
make the leaf surface papery.
• The larvae of the pest also feed on the
leaves and inflorescence.
• They cut down the rachis of the grape
bunches.
• The adult moths are most active during
August-September.
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Identification
• The adult moth lays eggs in clusters of
200-300 on the lower side of the leaves
and covered with brown scales.
• The larva is brownish in colour with three
thin lines running along its sides.
• They feed in a group when they are young
but spread out as they get older.
• They undergo pupation in the soil.
• The life cycle takes about 25 days.
Courtesy:
www.insectimages.org
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Management of berry borer and Tobacco
caterpillar
• Hand picking of well grown larvae and destroy them.
• Caterpillars can be effectively controlled by spraying of
Chlorpyrifos (0.08%) or Carbaryl (0.125%) or Dichlorvos (0.1%).
• A mixture of Methomyl (0.05%) and Wettable Sulphur (0.2%) is
effective to control the larvae in its young stage of growth.
• Use of pheromone traps is effective in catching the adult moths
and also to know the population built up of the pest.
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3. Grape Leaf Roller
Sylepta lunalis
Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
• This is a serious pest in South India, which is
most active in the months of August-November.
• In case of severe infestation complete defoliation
is observed
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Leaf roller, Sylepta lunalis
Symptoms of damage
• Yellowish-green caterpillars roll the leaves from the
edges towards the midrib and feed within.
• Scrabbing the chlorophyll content inside the leaf roll.
• Skeletonization of leaves.
Skeletonization
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Scrabbing of leaves
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Rolling of leaves
Courtesy:
www.projectnoah.org
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Identification
• Larva - Pale green with short hairs.
• Adult - Brownish moth with wavy line.
Management:
• Simple method to control the pest population is to collect and
burn the infested leaves.
• Spraying of Malathion (0.05%) or Endosulphan (0.05%) have
been recommended for effective control of the pest.
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4. GRAPEVINE FLEA BEETLE
Scelodonta strigicollis
Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera
• It is the most destructive pest of grapevine all over
India.
• In north India, the beetles start their activity mainly
from May onwards, though they are seen scraping
the sprouting buds in early March. In south and west
India, the emergence of the beetle synchronizes with
the pruning season.
• The adults are very destructive during Sep - Nov
particularly when the vines put forth new flush after
pruning.
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Symptoms of damage
• The beetles feed on the sprouting buds
and eat them
completely without
allowing them to develop. They feed on
mature leaves cutting elongated holes on
the leaf lamina like shot holes. The
damage results in
Complete fed sprouting buds.
Shot holes (rectangular cuttings) on
mature leaves.
The pest also attacks roots, tendrils,
mature leaves.
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Shot holes
Courtesy:
nrcgrapes.nic.in
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Identification of the Pest
• Adult - Reddish brown, shiny with six spots on
elytra.
• Grub – brown in colour and black colour head.
• The females lay eggs about one month after
emergence and continue from middle of March to
middle of October.
• Eggs are laid beneath the bark in groups of 2040. Egg period is 4 days.
• On hatching small, dirty white grubs drop down to
the water basin and burrow into the soil and feed
on the cortical layer of roots not causing any
appreciable damage.
• Larval period is 6 -7 weeks.
Larva
Adult
Courtesy: TNAU agriportal
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Management
• Remove the loose bark at the time of pruning and rub the
stems with jute to remove the egg masses.
• Put bundles of dry shreds of banana on the pruned end
of the vines in the evening. Beetles, which take shelter on
these at night, can be shaken and collected in the
morning and kill them.
• Shake vines to dislodge adult beetles.
• Collect into trays containing kerosenated water and
destroy them.
• Spraying with Carbaryl 50 WP @ 2 ml/l or Imidacloprid
200 SL @ 0.3 ml/l are recommended to control this pest.
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Let’s sum up
• Insect pests represent a major threat to the commercial
production of grapes.
• Caterpillars of Helicoverpa feed on grapevine leaves
voraciously.
• Spodoptera larva feed on the leaves and inflorescence
and also, cut down the rachis of the grape bunches.
• The adults of flea bettles are very destructive particularly
when the vines put forth new flush after pruning.
• Timely monitoring and proper management practices
enable to protect the crop from heavy loss due to insect
pests.
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