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QOD #16 1/26/2015 How many parts do you think a flower has? ANNOUNCEMENTS … 14 Today… Parts of the Flower Powerpoint Flower Dissection Sexual Reproductive Parts in Plants To understand how plants reproduce, we must first understand their reproductive organs Flowers are the reproductive organ of the plant That’s right! They aren’t just pretty and smell good! They are diverse in size, shape and color. They are designed to attract certain animals or take advantage of wind and rain Parts of a Flower Flower Dissection You will each be given a flower As we discuss the parts, pull the part off of your flower You will need to draw a picture of the part on the chart you have been given. Next, you will need to write the function of that part on the chart. Questions?? Receptacle Swollen portion of the stem Where flower parts are attached to stem What are the parts of a flower? Beneath the petals are more leaf-like structures, called sepals, which are often green. The sepals support the petals and protect the flower before it opens. When all of the sepals are fused together, we call them a calyx. What are the parts of a flower? Flowers also often have parts that are neither male nor female; these are the petals, usually colorful leaf-like structures that often attract animals and insects. What are the parts of a flower? The male part of the flower is called the stamen, which is made of the stalk-like filament that holds up the sack-like anther. The anther contains pollen, the grain released by flowers, which contains the sperm. What are the parts of a flower? The female part of the flower is called the pistil. It consists of a sticky tissue at its end called the stigma, which is receptive to pollen. Below the stigma is a rodshaped middle part called the style and a swollen base containing eggs called the ovary. Perfect vs. Imperfect Flowers Where the stamens and pistils are found in the same flower it is called perfect , as in most of our garden plants. But when only one sex of these essential organs is found in the same flower it is called imperfect. A COMPARISON OF MONOCOTS & DICOTS Flower Dissection Sepals: leaf like structures that fold back as the flower opens. Located beneath the petals. Collectively they are called the calyx. Form the protective covering of the flower before it opens. Some sepals have spines or chemicals that protect the flower bud from insects and other animals. Petals: Usually brightly colored and serve to attract pollinators Stamen: the male reproductive part of the flower. Consists of a filament which supports the anther. The anther produces the pollen or male sex cells. Pistils- female reproductive parts of the flower; consists of a stigma which has a sticky surface for capturing pollen; and a style which is tube-like and connects the stigma to the ovary; and an ovary which contains the eggs. Complete vs Incomplete Complete: a flower that has all four major parts (sepal, petals, stamens, pistils) – Apple, Lily, Pea Incomplete: a flower that lacks one or more of the major parts – squash plants, sweet corn, American holly, and most grasses Flower Inflorescence The arrangement of flowers on a stem TOMORROW… Pass out agreement forms and record books Pollination and Fertilization Powerpoint Eat Cheetos Homework is to bring in a seed from home (preferably from something eaten) Do yo’ job! QOD #17 1/27/2015 Name one part of the flower and its function. ANNOUNCEMENTS Don’t forget that if you want to retake your test, you need to do so this morning 15 Today… Pass out agreement forms and record books Pollination and Fertilization Powerpoint Homework for tomorrow is to bring in a seed from home (preferably from something eaten) Pollination Pollination is the process by which pollen is placed on the stigma -Self-pollination = Pollen from a flower’s anther pollinates stigma of the same flower -Cross-pollination = Pollen from anther of one flower pollinates another flower’s stigma -Hybrid = offspring resulting from cross pollination Pollination Several plant structures promote cross pollination Separation of male and female structures in space -Dioecious- the plant produces only male or female -Monoecious- produces male and female flowers on the same plant Separation of male and female structures in time -Even if functional stamens and pistils are both found in the same flower, they may reach maturity at different times Pollination Successful pollination in many angiosperms depends on regular attraction of pollinators Flowers & animal pollinators have coevolved resulting in specialized relationships -Bees are the most common insect pollinators Bees are attracted to flowers that have markings that reflect UV light. As bee feeds on nectar, it picks up pollen. Nectar: a sugary fluid secreted by plants, especially within flowers to encourage pollination by insects and other animals. It is collected by bees to make into honey. Pollination Bees typically visit yellow or blue flowers -Yellow flowers are marked in distinctive ways that are normally invisible to us -Bull’s eye or landing strip The petals of some orchids are arranged to look like a female bee. The petals even take the shape of the antennae and wings of the insect. The flower even smells like a female bee. The male bees are fooled enough to try to mate with the orchid flower. As they do so they transfer pollen from one orchid to another. Flowers that attract hummingbirds have nectar located deep in floral tube where only the long, thin beak and tongue of that bird can reach. Picks up pollen on beak and feathers while feeding. Rotting Flesh Many flowers look and smell like rotting flesh, attracting a variety of flies and beetles looking for a meal or a place to lay eggs. One such is devil's claw, a plant in the milkweed family. The flower's stench attracts blowflies, which lay their eggs on the blossoms and pollinate them as they go from flower to flower. But the maggots that hatch on the flowers die because, unlike real carrion, the flowers offer no food for them. Fertilization Fertilization occurs when one sperm cell nucleus fuses with an egg cell nucleus forming a zygote that will become a seed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXT1D ZEHsMk Tomorrow… I will not be here You will complete your horticulture fandango for this unit Fruit and Seed Powerpoint QOD #18 1/28/2015 What is the difference between pollination and fertilization? ANNOUNCEMENTS … 16 Today… Fruit and Seed Powerpoint Fruit After pollination and fertilization, the flower petals begin to drop and the ovary and other surrounding parts enlarge and develop into a fruit 2 Types: Fleshy- soft with seeds enclosed Blueberry, Peach, Tomato, Watermelon Dry- hard and brittle Pea, Sunflower, Acorn, Corn, Nuts SEEDS 1. Seed coat 2. Stored Food 3. Embryo SEEDS Seed Coat The tissue that surrounds the embryo and endosperm Protects the seed from moisture loss, injury, or other unfavorable conditions Stored Food Contains sugars, proteins, and fats or oils Used by the plant in its first stage of growth and development Monocots- endosperm Dicots- cotyledons Seed Embryo The complete miniature plant in a resting stage Has a root, stem, and one or two cotyledons (seed leaves) Monocot and Dicot Tomorrow… Germination Powerpoint- steps of germination Plant Seeds in plastic bags Workday in the greenhouse and garden QOD #19 1/29/2015 What are the 3 parts of a seed? ANNOUNCEMENTS … 17 Today… Germination Powerpoint- steps of germination Seeds in plastic bags Workday in the greenhouse and garden Germination A process of events whereby the seed embryo goes from a dormant state to an active growing state Germination Needed for Germination 1. Temperature- winter vs summer annuals 2. Moisture- sufficient and continual supply of water 3. Air 4. Light or absence of it Germination Process 1. Imbibition: Seed absorbs water 2. Radicle (root) emerges (becomes the primary root) 3. Plumule or embryonic shoot (stem) emerges 4. Leaves form and food production begins Tomorrow… I will not be here tomorrow Your assignment will be a webquest and will cover the material from this unit and the last unit PLEASE make sure you do your jobs! – Take up papers person will need to take up QOD’s for the sub on Friday Please complete your jobs and sign off on the job sheet QOD #20 1/30/2015 What is imbibition? ANNOUNCEMENTS QOD’s are due today 18 Today… Sub Work Webquest Monday… Review Day Test on Tuesday QOD #21 2/2/2015 What is germination? ANNOUNCEMENTS Make sure you get a new QOD Sheet! 19 Today… FFA Calendar FFA JAckets GA Health Survey Put seeds in plastic bags to germinate Review Day Light up Ball Game Tomorrow… Test Day!!! Feel free to take home any materials that you need to study QOD #22 2/3/2015 What do you need to do to make an A on your test today? ANNOUNCEMENTS Make sure you get a new QOD Sheet! 20 Today… 15 minutes to study Take up horticulture fandango Take test Grade and pass out tests Tomorrow… We will begin discussing propagation