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What is a Tree? • A tree is a large, woody plant that has a single, sturdy stem, or trunk, and that grows taller than most other plants. What About Shrubs & Bushes? • Shrubs and bushes are much smaller and have several stems instead of a single trunk. Basic Parts of a Tree • Crown • Gathers sunlight, makes food for growth, helps filter air, produces oxygen. • Trunk • Supports crown, carries water and nutrients to crown, carries food back to roots. • Root System • Anchors tree, collects water and nutrients from soil, helps hold soil in place. CROWN • Leaves – breathing pores • Takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen during photosynthesis. – solar panels • Takes in light energy and heat in order for photosynthesis to occur. TRUNK • Inner Bark – Phloem (arteries) • Carries food from the leaves down to the stem and roots. • Cambium – Phloem & xylem cells are made in this single cell layer. • Sapwood – Xylem (veins) • Transports water, minerals and food upward from the roots to the leaves and horizontally across the stem. ROOTS • Root Tips & Hairs – absorb water and minerals from the soil that are used in photosynthesis Classifying Trees • Angiosperm – angeion – “case” – sperma – “seed” • Deciduous (hardwood) – Flowering Trees • wide, flat leaves – fall off in autumn • Gymnosperm – gymnos – “naked” – sperma – “seed” • Coniferous (softwood) – Cone-bearing Trees • needle-like leaves • scale-like leaves – most stay green all year How Old is That Tree? • Every year a tree’s trunk grows wider, and each year’s growth appears as a ring. • The approximate age of the tree can be determined by counting the annual growth rings. • Springwood – wider, lighter part of the ring made up of cells that are added in the spring, when the tree grows rapidly. • Summerwood – thinner, darker part of the ring formed during the rest of the year, when the tree grows more slowly. Counting Growth Rings • Start at the center ring (first year of growth) and count outward towards the bark. • Close rings – Slow growth • Dry year • Limited water • Wider bands – Faster growth • Wetter year • Optimal growing conditions The Value of Trees • Can you identify 4 reasons why trees should be valued as one of our most important natural resources? Recreational use Habitats for wildlife Filters air Products and by-products