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Apes Orangutans Found in heavily forested areas of Borneo and Sumatra. Almost completely arboreal. males = 200 lbs, females = 100 lbs Pronounced sexual dimorphism. Solitary Principally FRUGIVOROUS (fruit-eating). Apes Gibbons and Siamangs Found in the tropical areas of southeast Asia. Adaptations for brachiation may be related to feeding while hanging from branches. Diet is largely fruit with leaves, flowers, and insects. Basic social unit is a monogamous pair and their offspring. Males and females delineate their territories with whoops and “songs”. Whitehanded Gibbon Siamang Apes Gorillas • Largest of the living primates. • Confined to forested regions of central Africa. • Males can weigh up to 400 pounds, females 200 pounds. • Primarily terrestrial, using a posture called “knuckle – walking”. • Groups consist of one large silverback male, a few adult females, and their subadult offspring. Apes Chimpanzees Found in equatorial Africa. Anatomically similar to gorillas particularly in limb proportions and upper-body shape. Locomotion includes knucklewalking on the ground and brachiation in the trees. Eat a variety of plant and animal foods. Large communities of as many as 50 individuals. Apes Bonobos Only found in an area south of the Zaire River. Population is believed to only number a few thousand individuals. Exploit the same foods as chimps, including occasional small mammals. Male-female bonds constitute the societal core. Sexuality includes frequent copulations throughout the female's estrous cycle. Apes Humans (Homo sapiens) The only living species in the family Hominidae. Human teeth are typical primate teeth. Dependence on vision for orientation to the world Flexible limbs and grasping hands Omnivorous diet Cognitive abilities are the result of dramatic increases in brain size. Bipedal