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Orangutans -- Apes
 Found in heavily forested
areas of Borneo and
Sumatra.
 Almost completely
arboreal.
 males = 200 lbs, females =
100 lbs
 Pronounced sexual
dimorphism.
 Solitary
 Principally FRUGIVOROUS
(fruit-eating).
Gorillas -- Apes
• Largest of the living primates.
• Confined to forested regions of
central Africa.
• Males can weigh up to 400
pounds, females 200 pounds.
• Primarily terrestrial, using a
posture called “knuckle –
walking”.
• Groups consist of one large
silverback male, a few adult
females, and their subadult
offspring.
Chimpanzees -- Apes
 Found in equatorial Africa.
 Anatomically similar to
gorillas particularly in limb
proportions and upper-body
shape.
 Locomotion includes
knuckle-walking on the
ground and brachiation in the
trees.
 Eat a variety of plant and
animal foods.
 Large communities of as
many as 50 individuals.
Bonobos -- Apes
 Only found in an area south
of the Zaire River.
 Population is believed to
only number a few thousand
individuals.
 Exploit the same foods as
chimps, including occasional
small mammals.
 Male-female bonds
constitute the societal core.
 Sexuality includes frequent
copulations throughout the
female's estrous cycle.
Gibbons and Siamangs
…also apes!!
 Found in the tropical areas of
southeast Asia.
 Adaptations for brachiation
may be related to feeding
while hanging from branches.
 Diet is largely fruit with
leaves, flowers, and insects.
 Basic social unit is a
monogamous pair and their
offspring.
 Males and females delineate
their territories with whoops
and “songs”.
Whitehanded
Gibbon
Siamang
Humans (Homo sapiens)
 The only living species in the
family Hominidae.
 Human teeth are typical primate
teeth.
 Two incisors, one canine, two
premolars, and three molars on
each side in both upper and lower
jaws: 2.1.2.3 (32 teeth total)
 Dependence on vision for
orientation to the world
 Flexible limbs and grasping hands
 Omnivorous diet
 Cognitive abilities are the result of
dramatic increases in brain size.
 Bipedal