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LORANTHACEAE etc. magnoliids monocots Loranthaceae and Santalaceae are distinct families in the Santalales The bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata) of the Santalaceae is in Vermont. LORANTHACEAE (SANTALALES, CORE EUDICOTS) NUMBERS: 60-70 Genera, 950 species GEOGRAPHY: tropical and sub tropical, especially in southern hemisphere HABITAT: parasites, usually attached above ground to stems, sometimes (Gaiadendron) attached to roots). SANTALALES CHARACTERS HABIT: Hemiparasites; LEAVES entire veins obscure CALYX: often reduced, COROLLA ESTIVATION: valvate STAMENS: equal to and opposite corolla, HYPANTHIUM: present DISC: present EMBRYO SAC AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT: reduced FRUIT: fleshy, 1-seeded, the seed often with viscid coat or stone http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/angio/images/loran789.gif CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILY HABIT: stem parasites STEMS: not jointed (as in Viscaceae) LEAVES: usually opposite, often rather thick and brittle leaves with entire margins and inconspicuous venation FLOWERS: long, narrowly tubular and brightly colored - often red and/or orange; often have one or more bracts at the base and immediately to one side of the ovary OVARY: inferior GENERA: Tapinanthus (250), Amyema (95), Gaiadendron (14), Psittacanthus (50), Struthanthus (50). Viscaceae,(7-8 genera, 350 species, 200 in Phoradendron) included in Santalaceae by Judd: dinky little flowers and leafless stems common. Genera include Arceuthobium, Phoradendron, Dendroph thora, Korthalsella Psittacanthus – its place in the forest Psittacanthus - parasite on montane-forest oaks in Costa Rica Psittacanthus schiedeanus seedling showing the numerous cotyledons. Struthanthus sp. Seedling Photo by D. L. Nickrent. [DLN 3012] wilson2006.pdf Amylotheca dictyophleba Photographer: Ollerenshaw Gaiadendron - a small tree that is parasitic on roots of Ericaceae Mistletoes elsewhere in the Santalaceae are in the tribe Visceae Arceuthobium, Phoradendron, Dendrophthora, Korthasella Key characters: Monoecious stem parasites with brittle, jointed stems, tiny flowers, and two fused cotyledons Phoradendron - the mistletoe genus familiar to most people in North America (in Europe it’s Viscum album) Korthalsella- a mistletoe with flat stems and no leaves from Hawaii. Genus distribution Mia Molvray, Paul J. Kores and Mark W. Chase, 1999 Dendrophthora - an extremely reduced mistletoe from high montane Costa rica Arceuthobium - the native mistletoe of the Northeast Explosive fruit dehiscence