Download 2014073149hortplantcellsandfunctions

Unit: Horticulture
Lesson:plant parts, functions, and structures
Objective: Student will understand plant parts and
functions
1) What is a cell?
•Is the smallest unit of all living organisms
•Are the building blocks responsible for life
2) Explain and give functions of the parts of a
Cell.
• The cell wall is made of of 3 parts
1) Primary wall (first to develop) 2) middle Lamella –layer
between walls of two cells 3) Secondary Wall – woody part of
The plant that develops inside primary wall
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Plasma membrane – outer membrane
Surrounds the cell –just inside the cell wall!
•Plasma membrane – composed of pospholipids,
Proteins, carbohydrates, and fat
Acts as the gate keeper allowing some things in
keeping others out (lets IE water)
•Senses the outside environment and relays that
To the nucleus
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•Cytoplasm- liquid contained in the cell
•Contains organelles
•Site of most life processes
•Organelles within the cytoplasma
1) Mitochondria
•Controls many of the chemical reactions
•Provides site of respiration
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NUCLEUS – control center of the cell
Contains genetic information ( chromosomes)
Functions
•Controls physiological characteristics of the plant
•Controls appearance
•Passes characteristics to offspring
VACULOES – large fluid filled
Stores water
- as plant reaches maturity vacuoles enlarge
What is the general difference
between monocots and diocots?
One cotyledon
 Leaves with parallel
veins
 Vasculsar bundles
scattered within the
stem
 Flower parts in
multiple of three
Ie- three stamens
Six petals - corn
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Two cotyledons
Leaves with
branched veins
Vascular bundles in
circular pattern
Flower parts in fours
or fives
Most flowering
plants and
deciduous trees
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3) What are the basic types of specialized plant tissues?
Meristem- cells that actively divide – to form new growth
Apical meristem – located on the tips of roots and stems
-Increases plant length
Cambium meristem tissue
-Located in stems
-Increases plant diameter
Intercalary zone meristem tissue
-Located just above nodes on moocots
-Increases stem height
What is a seed?
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Contains an embryo (minature plant)
Dormant until enviormnetal conditions
permit germenation
Basic seed parts and functions
Seed coat
Tough exterior surface
Protects embryo from drying out and injury
• Embryo
Cotyoledon
Seed leaves
Monocots one cotyledon – protects the epicotyl
Diocots two cotyledons – protects the epicotyl
and provides food storage for new plants
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Epicotyl ( plumule)
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Growth bud of embryo –located above
cotyledon
Develops into shoot that emerges from
the seed
Hypocotyl
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Stem section – located below the
cotyledon
First tree stem
Radicle
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Root tip located at the end of the
hypocotyl
First root of the plant
First part to emerge from a seed
Holds the plant in soil, absobing water
and nutirents
What are the functions and types
of roots?
Main fuction
 Anchor plant
 Absorb nutirents and water
Specialised functions
• Synthesize hormones for plant growth
• Store carbrohydrates
Root Features
Root Hairs
- Single celled hair
like extension
- More hairs are
produced under dry
conditions
- Fewer under moist
conditions
- Located near tips of
roots
Radicle roots
- Emerge from the
seed
- Grow into true root
or die in formation
of fiberous roots
Types of roots
Tap root (primary or true root)
- Large central root
- Common in dicots (carrot)
- Penetrates deep into the soil
Fibrous roots
- No central root
- Finely branched secondary roots
- Common in momcots - grass
Arerial roots
Clinging air roots
- Grow out horizionally from stem
- Fastens plant to a support –English Ivy
Absorptive air roots
- Thick outer covering of dead tissue
- Absorbs and stores water - orchids
Adventitious roots
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Develop in places other than nodes
Can form on a cutting – blackberries
Aquatic roots
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Develop adventitious roots in shallow
water from submerged shoots
Absorbs nutirents and oxygen from the
water
What are the functions,
structures, and types of stems?
Functions of a stem
- Support other plant parts (branches
leaves)
- Capture light for photosynthesis
- Move water / nutirents to other parts of
the plant