Download Part 3 of 5 - The New York Forest Owners Association

Sirex noctilio – European wood wasp




Native to Europe
Discovered in Oswego in 2004
Attacks pines – red, scots, austrian, white and
many others
Detected in 24 NYS counties by 2006 trapping
survey
Five small understory pines in Oswego, New York
produced 900 Sirex noctilio adults.
Identification





Bluish-black with
orange legs
1” to 1-1/2” long
Long pointed projection
at tail - larger ovipositor
on females
Resin beads and
bleeding from emerging
adults and oviposition
sites
Round exit holes – 1/8”
to 3/8” diameter
Control Measures




Trial release by APHIS/NYSDAM of
predatory nematode imported from Australia
in fall 2010 (trap trees)
Full blown release if rearing and distribution
of nematode is successful.
These are control measures only, not an
eradication effort
May have to set up a quarantine to contain
movement of pine wood products
Trap Trees and resin beads
Asian Long-horned Beetle
Anoplophora glabripennis
Introduced
Hosts: Many hardwoods
Especially Maples
Also willows, elms, horsechestnut,
birches, poplars, ash, London
plane, etc...
Found in NYC and parts of Long
Island
Brief ALB History






1996 – Brooklyn
1998 – Chicago
2002 – Jersey City
2004 – Union County NJ
2007 – Pralls Island (near Staten Island)
2008 – Worcester, Mass – infestation is
estimated to be 8 to 10 years old. Starting
eradication efforts – quarantined; cut and chip;
insecticides
Identification






Large beetle – about 1”
Glossy black with white
spots
Antennae 1 ½ - 2 ½ its
body length
Large ( ½ in.) , round exit
holes
Oval wounds/pits in the
bark – egg laying sites
Piles of course sawdust
Oviposition
Sites
Egg
Egg
Recently
Hatched
Similar looking native beetle:
Whitespotted sawyer
Female
Male
Early detection and
containment are the key
Could have a devastating impact in
New York State due to our tree
species
Forest Tent Caterpillar





Native to NA – many hardwood hosts
Severe outbreaks last few years in the Tug Hill
area and Central New York – outbreaks
typically last 2-5 years but may be longer
Natural predators are present – weather (temp),
viral, fungal and parasitic flies
Expected to migrate outward from these areas
We will be monitoring forest stands for
damage – also egg mass survey this fall.
(survey methods on DEC website)
Forest Tent – not Eastern Tent
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid





Introduced from Asia
First observed on Western and Mountain Hemlocks
in the 1920’s – generally harmless in Asia and out
west
Attacks Eastern and Carolina Hemlock (1950 to
present)
Nearest infestation areas are in SE New York and
Eastern PA.
Recently found on landscape plants in six locations
near Rochester and in the Finger Lakes
Recent HWA Finds
Identification
white egg sacs resembling the tips of cotton swabs –
present year round but most prominent in the spring
Eradication Efforts






Since these are outlying populations we want
to eradicate them
Cut, chipped and buried infected trees in
Rochester area in 2005
Planted new trees for homeowners
2009 – had to move to a slow the spread
strategy – no money for eradication in Finger
Lakes area. Moving to bio-controls.
Yearly inspections conducted by DEC
Need your help – report any sightings
Firewood Regulations



Established temporary regulation in May 2008.
Temporary regulation was extended once and
was made permanent March 18, 2009
Many other States (PA, Ohio, MI, WI) and
Federal agencies (USFS, National Parks
Service, USDA APHIS) and the Canadian
Government have already imposed regulations
on the importation and movement of firewood
Purpose




To protect New York’s Forests and trees
Reduce the spread of destructive insects and
diseases
Eradication and containment efforts are
expensive
Firewood has been shown to be a main vector
of human assisted movement
Summary of Provisions






Covers wood/timbers that are the size and
form appropriate for use as fuel
Covers all tree species
Log-length material is not automatically
covered
Firewood must be treated – 71 degrees C
(160F) at the core for 75 minutes OR
Moved less than 50 miles
Illegal to bring untreated firewood into NY
Self Issued Certificates


To state that wood has been treated OR
That “source” is less than 50 miles
Penalties




$250 fine
Plus $100 civil penalty
Up to 15 days in jail
But failure to comply may result in the death
of thousands of trees, destruction of
campgrounds, loss of tree species, poor wood
markets, loss of habitat and costly
containment/eradication etc. etc.
Regulations on DEC website



http://www.dec.ny.gov/regulations/2359.html
Self issued certificate http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf
/selfisscert.pdf
Have some handouts here today
Other Insect & Disease Issues
Gypsy Moth
o Beech Bark Disease
oSudden Oak Death
oOak Wilt
oEuropean Oak Borer
oMore to come?
o
Invasive Plants





Tree of Heaven -Ailanthus altissima
Native to China
Grows anywhere
Prolific seeder – documented
300,000/tree
Leaves compound 11-41 leaflets with ‘thumb’ at base
Garlic Mustard – Alliaria petiolata





Native to Europe
Compete with spring ephemerals
Inhibits mycorhizal tree fungi
Lower leaves kidney shaped with
triangular upper leaves
Up to 3,000 seeds per plant
Multiflora Rose – Rosa multiflora






Native to Asia
Reproduces by seed, root
sprouts, layering
Alternate, compound with
5-11 leaflets
Rigid, recurved thorns
seed bank up to 20 years
Often requires repeat
spraying
Honeysuckle – Amur, Tartarian &
Japanese


Tartarian
Amur

Non natives are erect shrubs –
natives are vine-like
Exotics have yellow, orange or red
berries
Leaves opposite
Japanese
Swallow-wort – black and pale


pale


Native to Europe – pale
introduced to Canada in early
1900’s
Thrives in sun or shade
Leaves opposite, dark green,
shiny
Needs repeated treatment
black
Other problem plants
Oriental bittersweet
• Mile-A-Minute weed
• Japanese barberry
• Autumn olive
• Japanese knotweed
• Giant hogweed – health hazard –
DEC control crews
• Common buckthorn
• Etc etc etc
•
Diseases







Dutch elm
Butternut canker
Oak wilt
Sudden Oak death
Beech bark disease
Etc etc etc
Many diseases have insect vectors
The White-tailed Deer





Most widespread big game
animal in U.S.
Inhabits all areas of NY with
western NY having the most
Extremely adaptable to
different habitats and human
densities
Prolific breeders, capable of
expanding from a pair to 64
or more in six years
Second only to man in their
ability to alter their
environment
Fawn Production
Deer Impact Their Habitat
Medium racks,
average condition
Large racks, high body
weight, great deer condition
Optimum sustained yield of deer.
Obvious browse line; only browseresistant saplings left
Herbs, shrub, seedlings
gone; only heavily-browsed
resistant plants remain
Lose adequate seedling
survival; ferns dominate
understory
Tiny racks, poor
deer condition
Lose songbird species diversity;
habitat declines; lose shrub layer,
shrub species diversity
Deer starve
to death
Start to lose preferred herb
and seedlings; songbird abundance
declines
Low
Low
High
Deer per Square Mile
Solution? – 3 choices – shoot them, shoot them or shoot them