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Climates
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By Robin Close
• Temperature and weather change every
day. It is warmer in the summer and colder
in the winter. Sometimes it is wet, and
sometimes it is dry.
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• Climate is the average temperature and
weather of an area. Climate changes with
latitude, or how close an area is to the
middle of the earth. The middle of the earth
is called the equator. Areas close to the
middle are warmer. Areas far from it are
cold.
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• Currents are areas of warm or cold water
moving in the ocean. Currents make the
climate of nearby land warmer or colder.
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• Deserts are areas that have less than 10
inches of rain each year. Most of them are
in tropical climates near the Equator.
Deserts are usually covered in rock and
sand. The largest desert is the Sahara in
Africa.
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• Desert plants have small leaves, or no
leaves at all. This keeps them from losing
too much water. Desert plants also have
long roots to find water deep underground.
A cactus is a plant that grows in the desert.
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• Most desert animals look for food at night.
They stay in holes or rest in the shade
during the day to stay cool. Camels are
desert animals that store fat in their humps.
They use the fat for energy when there is no
food or water.
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• Forests are places with many trees. Most
of the forests in Maryland are called
deciduous forests.
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• Trees in deciduous forests have leaves that
change color in the autumn and fall off in
the winter. Many maple trees have bright
red leaves in autumn.
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• Many animals in deciduous forests
hibernate, or sleep for a long time during
the winter. Chipmunks gather nuts and
store them in their homes to eat during the
winter.
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• Tropical rainforests often get more than
100 inches of rain each year. They are close
to the equator, so they are very warm.
Tropical rainforests have more kinds of
plants and animals than anywhere else on
Earth.
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• Trees in the tropical rainforest are very
tall and stay green all year long. Some
plants, such as orchids, grow in the
branches of the trees.
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• Many animals live in the branches of
tropical rainforest trees. Birds like macaws
have brightly colored feathers.
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• Grasslands are found in both warm and
cold areas. They usually get between 10
and 20 inches of rain each year. This is
wetter than deserts, but still too dry to let
many trees grow.
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• Many plants in grasslands are grains, which
grow well in the rich soil there. Wheat is a
type of grain that lives in grasslands.
People grow wheat to make bread and other
food.
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• Some animals in grasslands live in large
groups called herds. Bison, sometimes
called Buffalo, are large animals that live in
herds in the grasslands of the United States.
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• Tundra is found in very cold areas, such
as far north in the United States, or on
tall mountains. Tundra is so cold that
only a shallow layer of soil is good for
growing plants. The rest is always
frozen.
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• Tundra areas do not have any big trees, and
the plants that grow there are very small.
Most of the plants are moss, lichen, grass,
and tiny flowers.
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• Caribou eat the tiny tundra plants during
the summer. They leave the tundra
during the winter to find other food.
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• Mountains are places where the land is
much higher than the land around it. The
tops of mountains are colder than the
bottoms, so one mountain can have many
climate zones.
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• Pine trees grow high up on many
mountains. They stay green all year long.
The top of some mountains is tundra, with
no trees at all.
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• Deer live high up on mountains during the
summer. In winter, they go to the bottom of
the mountain where it is warmer.
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Photo Credits
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www.meteorologyclimate.com/ world-climate-map.jpg
bp0.blogger.com/.../ 040820-ocean-city-beach.jpg
farm1.static.flickr.com/150/368968965_cbcaeb49f7.jpg?v=0
static.howstuffworks.com/gif/ocean-current-7b.jpg
www.virginmedia.com/images/sahara-431x300.jpg
www.wildnatureimages.com/images%203/070223-041..jpg
http://fohn.net/camel-pictures-facts/the-pictures/Arabian-Camel-800x600.jpg
http://www.treetures.com/Blanch/Habitats/Deciduous.jpg
http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Travel/Pix/pictures/2007/10/10/Redtree460.jpg
http://www.sapphirevalleyresort.com/chipmunk%20with%20peanut.JPG
http://www.hummingbirdinnbelize.com/images.html/jungle_cockscomb_main.jpg
http://www.lanerealty.com.au/images/OrangeBlossomOrchid.jpg
http://www.tiskita-lodge.co.cr/images/macaws.jpg
http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/grassland-biome.j
http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/fieldday/kids/pictures/kidsfield600/cg_wheat_closeup.jpg
http://www.livingwilderness.com/wildlife/bison-standing.jpg
http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/tundra/alaskatundra1. Jpg
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/thumb_1/10946456893Ty41h.jpg
http://www.arcticanimallearningzone.com/caribou1.jpg
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http://www.zakopane-life.com/media/pics/tatra-mountains-zakopane.jpg
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http://photographs.mccumber.us/540/brief_colorado02.jpg
http://photos.kailiu.com/images/dscf9977.jpg
http://www.prairieoutdoors.com/pics/mule-deer-buck.jpg