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Plant Structure and Function Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit or Seed? Fruit/Vegetable Broccoli Cabbage Carrot Celery Stalk Corn Kernel Garlic Onion Potato Tomato Part of Plant Plant Body • • • Shoot system = leaves + stem Root system Meristem = cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures Three Types of Plant Tissues • Vascular Tissue – Transport – Support • Ground Tissue – Synthesis of Sugars – Storage – Support • Dermal Tissue – Protection Division of Meristem Cells Causes Plant Growth • Apical Meristem – tips of root and shoot – increase in height • Lateral Meristem – cylinders within plant body – increase in width Plant Body Leaf = blade + petiole Functions Exposes surface to sunlight Major site of photosynthesis Conserves water Provides for gas exchange Blade Petiole Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation Conserves water Photosynthesis Structures of the Leaf Transports water and sugar to stem and roots Plant Body Stem: series of nodes and internodes Functions Holds leaves up to light Transports substances through vascular tissue Xylem conducts water and minerals Phloem transports sugar Lateral Meristem Causes the Stem to Grow in Width Wood and Bark are Products of Lateral Meristem Plant Body Root Functions Anchors plant in soil Takes up water and minerals from soil Applying Your Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Apical Meristem Vascular Tissue Stem Leaf Lateral Meristem A. Where is the primary site of photosynthesis in a plant? B. Which one is responsible for an increase in plant height? C. Which one transports materials throughout the plant? Flowering Plant Reproduction • Flowers are modified leaves, specialized for reproduction. • Flower parts undergo meiosis to produce haploid products – pollen grain – ovule (contains egg cell) Flower Mitosis Meiosis Mitosis Pollen grains Ovule Pistil Stamen Male part A Complete Flower Has Both Produces pollen Male and Female Parts Anther Filament Attracts pollinator Stigma Petal Style Sepal Ovary Female part Produces egg Encloses and Protects Bud Mature Pollen Grain Sperm Cells Tube Cell Nucleus 2. pollen tubes grow down stigma to ovary Sperm 1. pollen grains land on stigma Stigma Style 3B: Fusion of 2nd sperm + two polar nuclei 3. double fertilization 3A: Fusion of sperm + egg Ovule Polar nuclei Ovary Egg Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower Development of Fruit and Seeds From Flower Parts Provides nutrition Endosperm Triploid Endosperm Cell Fresh Fruit Ovary Seed Integument Coat Diploid Embryo Zygote (new plant) Seed = embryo + stored food + seed coat Fruit = ovary wall, mechanism for seed dispersal Applying Your Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A. B. C. D. Seed Fruit Pistil Anther Pollen Which one develops from the ovary wall? Which one produces pollen? Which one develops from a fertilized ovule? What is the name of the female part of the flower?