Download Flower Anatomy

Nomenclature and
Anatomy of Flowers
Flower Anatomy:
A complete flower has 4 parts
present
•
•
•
•
sepals
petals
stamens
pistils
Sepal
• One of the outermost flower structures
• Commonly small, green, leaflike structures
• Collective word for sepals and petals is
called perianth
Petals
• Usually conspicuously colored
• Collectively called the corolla
• Normally positioned between sepals and
inner flower parts
Stamens
• Threadlike extensions that stand upright
from the perianth
• Male reproductive parts of a flower
• Consists of the anther and the filament
Pistils
• Female reproductive parts of a flower
• Consists of the stigma, style, and ovary
Types of Flower Structure
• Solitary
• Inflorescence
Solitary Flowers
• Flowers that form singly on upright stalks
• Ex: tulips, roses, daffodils
Inflorescence
• A flower that is made up of several florets
• Flowers have a branching pattern from the
main stem
• The main stalk of an inflorescence is a
peduncle, stalks that support the florets
are called pedicels
Types of Inflorescence
Spike:
• Has an elongated
inflorescence on the
main stem.
• Ex: liatris, gladiolus
Types of Inflorescence
Raceme:
• Similar to a spike
except florets aren’t
directly attached to
the stem
• Ex: delphinium
Types of Inflorescence
Corymb:
• Has a flat top or
slightly convex shape
• Has main stem with
pedicels of unequal
length
• Ex: yarrow
Types of Inflorescence
Cyme:
• Broad and flat topped
• Has divisions that
arise below a terminal
flower
• Ex: Bird of Paradise
Types of Inflorescence
Umbel:
• Flower cluster that is
easily recognized
• Simple umbel has single
pedicelled flowers all
arising from the top of the
main stem. Ex:
agapanthus
• Compound umbel has
secondary umbels arising
from main stem. Ex:
Queen Anne’s Lace
Types of Inflorescence
Spadix:
• Thick flower spike
surrounded by a
conspicuous bract.
• The spathe (bract) is
often mistakenly
identified as the
flower
• Ex: Anthurium
Types of Inflorescence
Catkin:
• Slender , scaly-bracted inflorescence found
on woody plants
• Ex: Willow, alder, birch
Types of Inflorescence
Head Flower:
• Short, dense cluster of
flowers in a flat
pattern
• Ex: sunflowers
Leaf Parts
Three main leaf parts:
• Blade
• Petiole
• Stipules
Three main leaf parts:
• Blade (the leaf itself)
• Petiole (the leaf stalk that connects the leaf blade
to the stem)
• Stipules (the two appendages at the base of the
petiole)
Any of these parts may be lacking. For example,
when there is not a petiole, the leaf is sessile
(attached directly to the stem).
Leaf Types
Leaf type will affect texture, style and
form in a floral design.
– Simple leaf: a leaf with a single blade
– Compound leaf: a leaf with more than one
blade (leaflets).
• Leaflets are the smaller blades that make up a
compound leaf and may be arranged in a variety
of ways/
– See page 135, Figure 9-21.
– Draw and label the four leaves shown.
Leaf Vein Patterns
• Vein patterns in leaf
blades are called
venation
• Types
– parallel
– palmate
– pinnate
See page 136, Figure 9-22.
Leaf Vein Patterns
Label the three types of
leaf venation:
1. ____________
2. _____________
3. ____________
Name ______________
Leaf Shapes
See page 137 Figure 9-24
• Basic outline of the blade make up the
shape of the leaf
• Ex: oblong, linear, pelate, elliptic
• Draw three different types of leaf shapes
Leaf Margins
Page 137 Figure 9-25
• Edge of the leaf blade is called a margin
• The appearance of the margin can affect
the texture of a design
• Ex: entire, undulate, serrate, lobed
• Draw three different types of leaf margins
Post-harvest Physiology & Metabolic
Processes:
• Please have your books open to pg 137
Background:
• Once plant material is harvested, the plants are
still metabolizing.
• When flowers are cut, the supply of water and
mineral nutrients for normal metabolic activity id
temporarily cut off. And the flowers and foliage
continue to lose water.
• Unless the water loss is inhibited, wilting and loss
of turgor will result.
• Turgor (cell rigidity and firmness)
Water Uptake & Transport
• Cut flowers need to drink water, which carries
sugars and other compounds and helps keep
flower parts turgid (firm).
• Flower stems have a plumbing system called the
xylem, which is made up of tiny vessels. The
xylem is the water-conducting tissue that carries
water up the stem, to the leaves, and to the flower.
• Please draw figure 9-27 on page 139 and describe
what is happening in the picture.
• Phloem is another plumbing system, but it is the
food-conducting tissue.
Transpiration Terms to Define:
Page 139
• Transpiration
• Stomata
• Relative humidity
Respiration Terms To Define:
Page 139
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Respiration
Carbohydrates
Senescence
Ethylene