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Kingdom Plants
Organisms that have
chlorophyll(green) and
make food by a process
called
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
(Plants are also called Producers)
T or F. Animals
reproduce sexually and
plants reproduce
asexually.
F. The vast majority of both
animals and plants reproduce
sexually.
Plants are divided into 2 large groups
Kingdom Plant
Nonvascular Plants
contain NO tubes
remain small
Vascular Plants
have TUBES
carry water+food
• Algae (green,
brown and red)
• Mosses
• Liverworts
• Ferns
• Conifers
• Flowering Plants
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Giant Kelp
Red Algae
Mostly
deep ocean
Reproduction in Non Vascular Plants
• Algae – reproduce either sexually(2
parents using sperm and egg) or
asexually(1 parent makes a copy of
itself)
• Mosses and Liverworts- must do
both sexual and asexual
reproduction to make a baby
Liverworts
Moss
Moss and Liverworts do a form of
strange reproduction called:
Alternation of
Generations
Phylum Vascular Plants
- have tubes for carrying water, minerals
and food
• Ferns
• Conifers
• Flowering Plants
Ferns leaves drop spores.
Spore capsules
(sori)
Fern leaf
Spores
Spores produce:
fern
Prothallus
Lives for 2 weeks, and...
produces sperm and
egg
New ferns
grow.
(No seeds)
Alternation of Generations
• Reproduction technique in which
the plant has to do sexual(sperm
and egg) and asexual(spores)
reproduction to make a baby.
Mosses, Liverworts and Ferns
Sperm and Egg
Sexual
Spores
Asexual
Baby Plant
Seed Plants
• Conifersevergreens
that have a
male and
female cone.
• Flowering
Plants- have
flowers with male
and female sex
organs.
Evergreens are conifers.
They include:
• Pines- long needles in bundles of
two.
• Spruce- short single needles
• Firs and Yews- flat, slender, flexible
needles
• Cedars and Arborvitaes- scaly needles
• Larches or Tamaracks
Only conifer that loses
it’s needles in the fall.
Conifers(cone-bearers)
Male cones produce sperm in pollen grains
in the spring. They release their pollen
when the wind blows. Some pollen might
land on the sticky female cone.
Pollen
Grains
(1000X)
Conifers
The female cone is larger and
reddish/green in the spring.
The pollen that stuck on it
burrows to the center of the
cone to the egg. This forms
a seed.
Flowering plants are
the most common
plants on the earth and
produce sperm and egg
in flowers.
Most flowering plants have very plain
looking flowers that you might not even
notice.
• Wind, birds, and bees usually pick
up the pollen from the male part of
the flower and carry it by accident
to the female part of another
flower, creating a seed.
Flowering Plants
The flower has pollen,
containing sperm, in male
sex organs and eggs in
female sex organs.
Let’s study a flower
With the help of wind, birds,
and bees...
Flowering Plants make seeds.
Pollination (Thanks, Cupid!)
Pollen is carried from the anther
of one flower to the stigma of
another flower.
Pollen grains burrow
down the pistil, style
and ovary to the
eggs. Pollens open
up to release sperm
which turn the eggs
into seeds.
Fertilization
From Flower to Fruit
- a Love Story
Once upon a
time, Rholl
grew tomato
plants in his
garden.
In June, he began to
notice little yellow
flowers. He was
very happy!
By the end of June, he was sad
because the little yellow flowers
were gone.
By the end of July, he noticed
small green bumps where the
flowers used to be.
The bumps got bigger and
bigger and bigger!
One day in August, he noticed
the bumps turning yellow.
Finally one day at the end of
August, he realized...These are
TOMATOES!!
These are flowers! They are the
ripened ovaries of the tomato
flower.
Rholl presents his wife with a cart
of partially rotten ovaries of a
flower.
I married
a geek!
“ That evening at dinner...”
A
fruit is a
ripened
ovary!
Science geek
Rholl proves his
point by
dissecting the
salad to reveal
seeds in the
tomatoes
Mrs. Rholl admitted
See, it is a
that even though she love story.
married a science
geek, she married
the smartest man in
the whole wide
world!
Plant Sex...
Never knew
it could be
so
exciting!!
Seed Dispersal
• Wind or water
carrying seeds.
• Animals eating and
pooping seeds.
• Animals carrying
seeds.
Thank you Plant Kingdom
for making all of our food
and oxygen!
- Monerans, Protists, Fungi,
and Animals